Fcs 101 1st editionFinal Exam Study Guide Be able to answer the following questions:Quiz 2-Chapter 11. Currently, the accepted view of development is that it is:An ongoing process throughout adulthood2. Human development is the field of study devoted to ____________ throughout the lifespanChange and Constancy3. The lifespan perspective on development is _______________Influenced by multiple forces, multi-directional, multi-dimensional, and plastic. (All of the above)4. Which of the following is NOT an example of history graded influence on development?Menopause5. With the 1877 publication of Biographical Sketch of an Infant, __________ established a scientific basis for studying children.Charles Darwin6. Which thinker suggested that children are innately good?Jean-Jacques Rousseau7. Freud's theories have been criticized for: Relying on contacts rather than observing children directly8. The zone of ________ development was Vygotsky’s term for the range of skills that a child cancarry out only when they have the help of a more skilled person. Proximal9. Ethology suggests that behavior is a result of:Innate behaviors10. What is the most important reason for having ethical guidelines for how research should be conducted in psychology?Because these guidelines protect the welfare of the research participants11. (Extra Credit) In the study of human development there are 3 main controversies. Name one anddescribe the 2 sides of the issue. (HINT: The class activity related to one of the three.) Nature vs. NurtureQuiz 3-Chapter 1 & 21. The information processing perspective uses the _____ as a metaphor for explaining how people’s memory and problem solving work.Computer 2. A researcher has found that the more hours students spend partying, the lower their exam scores tend to be. This represents:A negative correlation3. Genetics influence:Physical traits, intelligence, psychological problems4. Carriers of certain genetic characteristics can pass that characteristic on only if:The other parent has a recessive gene for the same characteristic5. A zygote that divides into two cells that separate results in:Monozygotic twins6. Which of the following is true regarding parents and their children and siblings?They share about 50% of genetic material7. HIV/AIDS is:Transmitted through breast milk or during vaginal delivery more than during pregnancy8. The primary purpose of genetic counseling is to:Assist would-be parents in making procreation decisions9. During menstruation:The unfertilized egg is discharged10. The placenta:Acts as a filter that permits oxygen and nutrients to reach the embryo from the mother11. Extra Credit: During which stage of prenatal development is the unborn child/ fetus most susceptible to teratogens? Explain why.During weeks 3-8 because the baby is most susceptible during the embryotic stageQuiz 4-Chapter 31. A woman is considered ready to deliver:When the cervix is effaced and dilated to 10 centimeters2. Which of the following is an argument that some make in favor of using midwives instead of traditional medicine for their birthing experience?Modern medicine is less personal of an experience3. Why would a woman have an episiotomy during childbirth? To widen the vaginal opening4. The term neonate refers to:The infant the first month after birth5. A baby is considered premature:If birth occurs at or before 37 weeks of gestation6. Which of the following children is most likely to show the greatest cognitive deficits and developmental delays?A child weighing less than 3.3 pounds7. Does early maternal contact soon after birth influence bonding?Researchers now view the hours after birth as just one element in a complex bonding process8. Newborns show preference for which of the following?Sounds of speech they have heard before and their mother’s voice9. Nicole recently had her first child. Afterwards, she felt somewhat depressed for about 10 days, after which, she felt like her old self again. Which of the following is true? Nicole likely had the baby blues10. Folami has decorated her newborn baby’s room in bright colors and painted colorful animals on the ceiling so that the baby will have something to look at when she is in her crib. What should Folami know about her baby’s sensory abilities?The baby won’t notice the animals because she can only see objects about a foot away from her face.11. Extra Credit: What is SIDS? What risk factors are associated with SIDS?Sudden Infant Death Syndrome-males, premature, and low birthrate babies are more at risk to suffer from SIDS. Also, babies of teen moms or babies that spend time around second hand smoke are at a higher risk. To reduce the risk of SIDS, one should put their baby on its back to sleep, rather than on its stomach. Quiz 5-Chapters 4 & 51. The most dramatic gains in height and weight occur:During prenatal development 2. Why is the head disproportionately large during infancy and childhood?Because the brain is essential for all other growth3. Kiley, a 5-month-old infant, refuses to eat and has not gained any weight in 2 months. Kiley:May suffer from failure to thrive syndrome4. James is 2 months old. According to the principle of cephalocaudal development, of the following behaviors, which can he do well?Hold his head up5. A child is holding a toy clumsily, using only his fingers and palm. This is an example of:Ulnar grasp6. The greatest gains in visual acuity occur:From birth to 6 months of age7. Johnny is 4 months old and his older brother Gus is playing with him. Gus holds up a bright red ball for Johnny to look at, but after a couple of minutes Johnny stops looking and looks away when his brother attempts to capture his attention again with the ball. Johnny has:Habituated the ball8. Dylan picks up an object he has not seen before. He immediately puts it in his mouth. Dylan's behavior is representative of which stage of cognitive development?Sensorimotor stage9. D.C. has learned that his ball is called a toy. When he sees a round light bulb, he calls it a "toy." This is an example of:Assimilation10. Why might newborns possess an imitation reflex?It contributes to caregiver-infant bonding, it helps insure the survival of the newborn, and it may be due to “mirror neurons” in the human brain11. EXTRA CREDIT: Describe the Core Knowledge perspective. List and describe some of the suggested domains.This is the belief that we are born with innate, special-purpose knowledge systems. This is a naturist theory,