Final Exam Study Guide POS 1041 Fall 2014 Bureaucracy No examples both public and private sectors CIA NASA EPA Set of structures and procedures used by government or other organizations to What are the key characteristics in the definition of bureaucracy administer policies and programs hierarchy division of labor fixed routines rules applying to all technical qualifications Are only federal agencies bureaucracies If not what other examples are there What branch of government is responsible for assuring the bureaucracy carries out laws Is the bureaucracy outlined in the constitution What are the two types of federal employees When we think of federal agencies we think of cabinet agencies What are examples of these agencies Not outline in the constitution but is assured in the executive branch Civil servants bureaucrats and political appointees Justice Department Department of State Department of Treasury Department of Health and Human Services Department of Education Department of Energy Headed by secretary 15 of them Independent agencies outside cabinet structure appointed by President but What are examples of independent agencies reporting to the President often report to Congress CIA NASA EPA Independent regulatory commissions are key to keeping our food safe our markets functioning and our monetary system strong What are some examples of these agencies Responsible to Congress Federal Reserve FTC FCC FEC What are examples of government corporations What are the problems that these corporations face Ex Postal Service 2 Amtrak SEMI PUBLIC Who appoints political appointees Do they get Senate approval Department heads commission members high level staff asst secretaries etc Many must get Senate approval What are the two characteristics of civil servants Selected on merit Protected from political firing Unbiased works with both parties Around 2 million Work throughout country Hatch Act limits political activity Street level bureaucrats Power of the bureaucracy Implementation thus putting new policies into practice What is the most important policy function of the bureaucracy How does Dr Lawrence Deyton Director of the Center for Tobacco Products in the FDA in your class video illustrate the characteristics of civil servants How does his work illustrate the implementation role of the bureaucracy Dr Lawrence R Deyton M S P H M D is the Director of the Center for Tobacco Products Consumption of tobacco in this country is the leading preventable cause of disease and death says Dr Deyton M S P H M D He explains that protecting youth from tobacco is an important part of the Center s mission as one in four or one in five teenagers are active tobacco users He explains that kids might acquire the use of tobacco before they have the knowledge to understand the lifetime risk that they have and then become addicted as teenagers All of the research does tell us that 80 85 of adult tobacco users started as kids So our focus on youth access and youth attractiveness to tobacco products continues to be a major public health issue in this country http www fda gov AboutFDA Transparency Basics ucm218324 htm What do we mean when we say that the bureaucracy serves two masters Congress appropriates money for agencies conducts oversight President take care laws are faithfully executed What is the president s role with the bureaucracy Vesting clause Bureaucracy makes government work Implement president s agenda take care laws are faithfully executed 3 1 Nominate people to be appointed to a department Remove people from departments 2 Shape the direction of the administration 3 Give directives to an agency of what it needs to accomplish 4 Reorganize federal departments 5 Change discretionary spending but not really mandatory spending 6 OBM analyzes and makes suggestions on the President s budget and President can use this as support to cut parts What control does the Congress have over the bureaucracy Funding Oversight Authorization Reorganization Appropriates money for agencies conducts oversight 1 Confirm nominations made by the president to appoint people to departments 2 Appropriate money 3 Create and pass the legislation needed to create these departments 4 Investigate the administration 5 Shape the laws that would be executed by that administration What happens with a law that is passed that involves the bureaucracy Rules are drafted Services are provided funding sent to states and localities nonprofits Street level bureaucrats What does the Administrative Procedures Act do Why is it important to our democracy United States may propose and establish regulations It is important because it established guidelines Governs the way in which administrative agencies of the federal government of the Public notice in Federal Register OMB approves Obtain comments Issue draft rule OMB approves Get additional feedback Issue final rule What are iron triangles 4 Congressional committee bureaucrats interest groups focused on one area How did the Jacksonian era affect the history of federal bureaucracy It Disrupt federal Burea spoils system practice where apolitical party after winning an election gives government jobs to its supporters friends and relatives as a reward for working toward victory and as an incentive to keep working for the party to the victor go the spoils giving friends and supporters jobs The Jackson Era running from around 1820 to 1845 was a time of rampant growth and regional diversification World views and ways of living changed as quickly as in the 20th century Transportation was revolutionized and the foundation of a manufacturing economy was laid Why was the Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883 important the basis of merit The act provided selection of government employees competitive exams rather than ties to politicians or political affiliation It also made it illegal to fire or demote government employees for political reasons To enforce the merit system and the judicial system the law also created the United States Civil Service Commission Do most federal bureaucrats work in Washington D C Established in 1883 that stipulated that government jobs should be awarded on No Only about 10 percent of bureaucrats are in Washington D C Is the federal bureaucracy getting bigger in terms of numbers of employees No Federal growth has been flat for 20 years Around 2 7 million civilian employees another 1 4 million in uniform 19 million state and local ovver 2 3 local Growth at the state and local
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