Eukaryotic cells Origins and diversity Eukaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell Larger than prokaryotic cells Contains membrane bound organelles Nucleus Mitochondria and chloroplasts Endomembrane system Nuclear membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Cell membrane Eukaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell Cytoskeleton Multiple linear chromosomes Dynamic Plasma Membrane Genetic diversity by means of sexual reproduction Life cycles Phagocytosis Phagocytosis Eukaryotic Life Cycles Eukaryotic Life Cycles Eukaryotic Life Cycles Origin of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria by Endosymbiosis Origins of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria Chloroplasts Originated from cyanobacteria Organization of photosynthetic membranes Two membranes Contains DNA Mitochondria Originated from a proteobacterium Two membranes Contains DNA Origins of Eukaryotic Cells Symbiosis and Single celled Eukaryotes Symbiosis and Single celled Eukaryotes Domain Eukarya Domain Eukarya 4 domains Protists Plants Animals Fungi and protists plants animals or fungi Large amounts of diversity Photosynthetic vs Heterotrophic Cell walls vs no cell walls Flagella vs cilia vs pseupodia Aerobic vs anaerobic Organisms that have a nucleus but lack features specific to Eukaryotic Tree of Life Eukaryotic Tree of Life Opisthokonta Opisthokonta Posterior flagella used for cell movement Choanoflagellates Mostly unicellular Collar around the flagellum Animals closest relative Microsporidia No mitochondria or golgi apparatus Parasites of animal cells Amoebozoa Pseudopodia move like blob pseudo feet Soil preditors Entamoeba histolytica Amebic dysentery Cause flaking off of intestinal wall and bloody diarrhea Plasmodial Slime Molds Plasmodial Slime Molds Haploid cells fuse to form zygotes that undergo mitosis but not cell division Plasmodia Coenocytic large cells with many nuclei Archaeplastida Archaeplastida Photosynthetic organisms 3 major groups Includes the land plants Glaucocystophytes Red algae Viridoplantae Glaucocystophytes Glaucocystophytes Single celled algae Chloroplasts retain more features of the ancestral Red Algae Red Algae Mostly marine organisms Seaweeds on the shallow sea floor Coralline skeleton of CaCO3 Green Algae Green Algae Photosynthetic Marine and freshwater environments 2 common features Stramenopila Unicellular organisms and giant kelps Stramenopila Alveolata Phylogeny of Photosynthesis Cell Biology Features Supporting Hypothesis 2 Creating a Rooted Tree Fossil Record of Protists Protist Diversity Coccolithohorids
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