Cycling Carbon I Charles Keeling Monitoring the Atmosphere a b Seasonal fluctuations in CO2 concentrations There has been a 25 increase in CO2 levels over the past 50 years c c a c d II The Carbon Cycle a b The processes that shuttle carbon among rocks soils oceans air and organisms CO2 added to the atmosphere by Volcanoes mid ocean ridges i ii Biological Inputs i e respiration iii Human activities i e deforestation burning fossil fuels CO2 removed from the atmosphere by i ii Geological removal i e chemical weathering of rocks Biological i e photosynthesis III Short Term Carbon Cycle IV Seasonal Fluctuations of CO2 a b Atmospheric CO2 levels fluctuate regularly up and down with the seasons Seasonal photosynthesis i Rates of respiration remain constant throughout the year The process of cellular respiration uses and produces Higher rates in the summer e f g CO2 O2 O 2 CO2 H2O O2 Higher The Same Lower i ii iii Do plants carry out respiration YES The CO2 level is during the winter in the northern hemisphere compared to levels in the summer i ii iii If plants consume CO2 during photosynthesis why hasn t all the atmospheric CO2 been used up i ii iii iv v Photosynthesis also produces CO2 as a product Respiration produces CO2 as a product Photosynthesis and respiration used the other s products as reactants Both 2 and 3 All of the Above V Correlation of CO2 Levels with the Industrial Revolution a Ice traps air bubbles when it forms i The bubbles preserve a history of the atmosphere CO2 levels remained relatively constant until the 1800s b i VI Correlation vs Causation a Correlation i ii Causation i ii b Indicates that two events or processes occur together Increased CO2 levels in the atmosphere and the industrial revolution A relationship in which one event leads to another Based on the data present is the statement the increasing CO2 content in the atmosphere is due to human activities a correlation or causation 1 2 Correlation Causation VII What is the source of the additional CO2 VIII Ratios of Carbon Isotopes Provide Information about the source of the additional CO2 a Only fossil fuels have the correct ratios of all three carbon isotopes to account for the pattern of isotopic change in atmospheric CO2 c b c X The Long Term Carbon Cycle d Now scientists have causation data IX CO2 Sources a b Only about half of the CO2 produced by humans ends up in the atmosphere Missing Carbon is stored in inorganic carbon Changes in CO2 levels that have taken place over longer time periods i Geological evidence indicates that CO2 levels in the atmosphere have changed dramatically in the last 4 billion years Considers the interplay between physical and biological processes ii Carbon Reservoirs i The places where carbon resides in the Earth 1 2 Rocks Oceans The rates at which carbon flows from one reservoir to another Photosynthesis puts Carbon in the atmosphere and Cellular Respiration takes it out Fluxes i XI Carbon Reservoirs a a b c b XII Skeletons and Shells of the Ocean a Chemical weathering of rocks moves CO2 from the atmosphere to the ocean sediments i ii iii iv Many organisms form shells of CaCO3 H2O CO2 H2CO3 The acid reacts with the rocks producing calcium and bicarbonate HCO3 Calcium carbonate CaCO3 forms in the oceans XIII Geologic Processes that Drive the Long term Carbon Cycle a Plate Tectonics XIV Which of the following things are made in part of carbon a b c d e The shells of clams and other mollusks The glucose sugars in fruits Limestone at the bottom of the sea All of the above None of the above XV Which of the following processes would increase atmospheric CO2 Plate tectonics that result in the formation of an ocean basin Formation of limestone Volcanic Eruption Bimeneralization a b c d Atmospheric CO2 Records 400 000 Years a b Correlation between CO2 levels and temperature Variation still exists even without human interaction XVI i c XVII XVIII Ice Age a Atmospheric CO2 Records 542 Million Years Large portion of Earth covered with ice change in CO2 levels XIX Carbon Cycle in the Food Web a Carbon begins with primary producers plants bacteria algae anything carrying out photosynthesis They pull the CO2 out Consumers get Carbon from this a b c i XX Trophic Pyramids a 10 15 of Energy is transferred XXI Diversity of Photosynthetic Organisms a Why i The same function is performed but the habitat in which it is performed is very diverse The environments they live in and habitats they have affect it heavily ii Before photosynthesis all organisms were anaerobic XXII Microbial Communities XXIII Earth s Oxygen Levels b b a
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