Criminal Justice 9 22 14 Property Crimes Larceny theft is the most common property crime committed in the United States and is defined as the unlawful taking leading or riding away from the possession or constructive possession of another Covers most types of theft that do not include the use of threats violence or force Includes grand theft and petty theft which the distinction depending on the value of the asset stolen FBI defines burglary as the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a Burglary felony or theft Unlawful entry element enables states to define shoplifting as a burglary if it can be shown that a suspect entered a store with the intention of stealing thereby making the entry unlawful FBI defines motor vehicle theft as the theft or attempted theft Motor vehicle theft of a motor vehicle Arson MV is a larceny but it is considered different enough an serious enough to warrant separate classification defined as any willful or malicious burning or attempting to burn without or without intent to defraud a dwelling house public building motor vehicle or aircraft person property of another etc Arson may have a variety of instrumental motivations such as financial gain revenge and intimidation or expressive motivations that may signal psychopathology of some sort Embezzlement property entrusted to the embezzler s care custody or control is defined as the misappropriation or misapplication of money or Fraud Rarest of all property crimes theft by trick Fraudulent conversion and obtaining money or property of another through false pretenses or deceptive practices e g bad checks Vandalism making altering uttering or possessing with intent to Forgery and Counterfeiting defraud anything false in the willfully or malicious destruction injury disfigurement or defacement of any public or private property real or personal without consent of the owner or persons having custody or control permission to commit fraud or some other crime occurs when someone uses your personal information without your buying receiving and possessing stolen property Stolen Property Identity Theft Criminals gain access to the personal information of others by stealing it buying it or simply by having it given to them by their unwary victims the use of computer technology to criminally victimize unwary Cybercrime individuals or groups Everyone who enters cyberspace uses a credit card and or has a social security number is a potential victim of cybercrime Property Crimes Trend On the decline The Classification of Property Offenders Occasional Property Offender 1 Situational 2 No Limited Group Support 3 No Limited Skills 4 No criminal identity 5 No Limited contact with the criminal justice system Conventional Property Offender 1 Non situational frequently engage crime is a source of income for the individual as a supplement to another job 2 Medium Group Support 3 Criminal Technique Skill 4 Greatest criminal identity 5 Highest contact with the criminal justice system Professional Property Offender 1 Non situational Profession is being an offender not as a supplement to another job 2 Highest Group Support 3 Greatest Skill Specialization 4 Criminal Identity of Professional 5 Limited Contact with the Criminal Justice System Burglary Example Conventional Property crime Burglary as a career 4 requirements to be a good burglar Master the many skills needed to commit lucrative a burglar Be able to team up to form a criminal game Have inside info Cultivate fences or buyers for stolen wares Examples of Types of Property Offenders Occasional shoplifting check forgeries employee theft larceny Conventional robbery burglary auto theft Professional embezzlement bank robbery counterfeiting Routine Activities Approach to Property Crime Main Ideas space Criminal opportunity results when victims and offenders converge in time and This convergence is strongly influenced by the lifestyles and routines of victims Three factors in criminal opportunity 1 Suitable Target Ex visibility of target use of security measures lights locks alarm systems Ex amount of time away form property during the day work and night time 2 Lack of Guardianship dining clubs etc 3 Motivated Offender
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