Corrections Prison History Penitentiaries 1820s Reformatories 1870s The Big House 1950s Correctional Facilities 1970s Deterrence 1980s Today Penitentiary Latin word for remorse Quakers of Philadelphia came up with the concept of penitentiary Purpose was to have criminals reflect on their crime and become truly sorry Eastern Penitentiary System Took down a cherry orchard to built it so located in Cherry Hill PA Opened in 1829 not finished until 1835 Promoted EXTREME isolation Two Competing Models 1 The Pennsylvania Model Segregate system Solitary confinement must remain in cell at all times Emphasis on inmate ability to reflect on criminal past and gain spiritual insight No talking to other inmates Hooded while walking through prison Reduced contact Read the Bible and repent Reform through personal conversion Auburn Prison in NY 1821 new system of prisons called the Auburn System Inmates worked 10 hours a day 6 days a week Gives a sense of purpose discipline and order 2 New York s Auburn Model Congregate system Inmates had no external contact Inmates housed in small cells and confined on the Sabbath and during non working hours Inmates labored in factory like shops during working hours Inmates prohibited from talking to other inmates Repentance and reform through harsh labor and external discipline Tocqueville s critique terror in the silence Auburn System Three types of prisons 1 Always in solitary confinement 2 Allowed to work and have occasional free time 3 Largest group worked and ate together during the day separate cells at night Inmates helped build Sing Sing Prison NY in 1985 and no one tried to escape They slept outside with no supervision Punishment Total control through torture physical punishment o Punishing the body o Whippings flogging post o Starvation Corporal punishment abolished by legislature in 1848 Q Which prison system became the model for future prison development A New York s Auburn System
View Full Document
Unlocking...