12 1 14 Corrections Around the World Incarceration U S highest number of incarceration Imprisonment Rate Rate of imprisonment was very steady until 1980s Then huge increase Causes of Prison Growth Pre 1970s offender based sentencing 1970s Today though on crime o Politicization of crime o Growing conservative climate o American individualism Determining Sentencing Moves us from an offender based to an offense based system 88 of increase in incarceration from 1980 1996 is due to changes in punishment 51 results from an increase in the number of people doing time 37 results from an increase in term length Did Prison Growth Cause the Crime Drop Ways an increase in incarceration could lead to a decrease in crime o Rehabilitation fixing criminals o Incapacitation stopping current criminals o Deterrence stopping future criminals 1993 2001 incarceration decreased the crime rate 2 5 U S Statistics and Facts At least 95 of all state prisoners will be released from prison at some point As of 2006 2 58 983 prisoners were under the jurisdiction of either a state or federal facility or local jail By the end of 200 16 states had abolished discretionary release from prison by a parole board for all offenders and another 4 states for specific violent offenses By December 31st 2001 state prisons were operating between 1 and 16 above capacity while federal prisons were operating at 31 above capacity Incarceration in the U S 1 in every 99 adults in the U S is incarcerated 1 in 9 state government employees works in corrections States spend 44 billion on corrections in 2007 1 of every 15 state general fund dollars spend Characteristics of Incarcerated Populations Gender and Incarceration Race and Incarceration Males make up the vast majority of the incarceration population 94 Black 43 of incarcerated pop has the greatest likelihood of being incarceration Hispanic 35 of incarcerated pop White 36 of incarceration pop Job Opportunities Blacks are less likely than whites to get jobs if they have a record Collateral Consequences Felony Disenfranchisement Federal level adopted by states but varies state to state o Right to vote o Right to serve on a federal jury o Right to hold federal office or employment o Armed forces qualifications for service payment of benefits
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