Management and Organizational Behavior BUAD309 Dr Bullough Study Guide Exam 3 Chapters 15 18 In order to study for this exam you are advised to go beyond memorizing material from the textbook If you missed any classes you might want to speak with your classmates to find out what you missed It would be a good idea to think about the activities we did in class and refer to the slides posted in Canvas Chapter 15 Org Structure Understand all of the 6 key elements of organizational structure 1 Work Specialization Division of labor Entire job broken into individual steps each completed by a separate individual 2 Departmentalization Repetition of work training for specialization Grouping tasks together so common tasks can be coordinated By type of product geography process differences or type of customer Unbroken line of authority that extends from the top of the organization to the 3 Chain of command lowest Less relevant today 4 Span of control How many employees a manager can effectively and efficiently direct The wider or larger span the more employees the manager directs 5 Centralization and decentralization Centralization Degree to which the decision making is concentrated at a single point in the organization Advantages of decentralization o Can act more quickly to solve problems o More people provide input into decisions o Employees are less likely to feel alienated from those who make decisions that affect their work lives 6 Formalization Degree to which jobs within the organization are standardized ex Clerical jobs Amazon distribution workers Low formalization Job behaviors are relatively non programmed and employees have a great deal of freedom in their jobs Understand organic and mechanistic organizations Understand the role of technology in organizational structure and strategy o Organizations engaged in non routine activities tend to prefer organic structures and those performing routine activates prefer mechanistic structures o Product innovation and product delivery within the same company might require different structures and routinized activities ex Amazon Understand the three dimensions of an organization s environment The degree to which it can support growth Abundant resources or relative o Capacity activity o Complexity The degree of heterogeneity and concentration among environmental elements Simple or complex o Volatility The degree of instability in the environment characterized by a high degree of unpredictable change Dynamic or stable environment Understand the implications for managers of organizational structure o Specialization can make operations more efficient but excess specialization can create dissatisfaction and reduced motivation o Avoid designing rigid hierarchy s that overly limit employee s empowerment and autonomy There may be questions related to in class examples and activities o Organizational structure in Lamborghini vs Amazon Chapter 16 Org Culture Understand the definition of organizational culture and the seven characteristics of org culture o Organizational culture A system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations o Seven characterizations of organizational culture Innovation and risk taking 1 2 Attention to detail 3 Outcome orientation 4 People orientation 5 Team orientation 6 Aggressiveness 7 Stability Understand dominant cultures and subcultures o Dominant Cultures o Subcultures Expresses the core values a majority of members share and that give the organizations distinct personality Tend to develop in organizations to reflect common problems situations or experiences that members face Understand the functions of culture o Boundary defying roles o Conveys a sense of identity for members o Facilitates the generation of commitment o Enhances the stability of the social system o Serves as a sense making and control mechanism o Defines the rules of the game Understand how to create and maintain an ethical culture o Ethical climate reflects the true values of the organization and shapes the ethical decision making of it s members o Ethical work climate develops as part of the organizational climate o Management must communicate ethical expectations Understand the characteristics of positive organizational culture o Emphasizes building on employee strengths o Rewards more than it punishes o Emphasizes individual vitality and growth presented by student teams o The VA and Tesla Organizational culture There may be questions related to in class examples and activities including case topics Chapter 17 HR Policies Practices Understand the various types of training o Basic Skills o Technical Skills Reading comprehension writing math New technology and new structural designs o Problem solving skills Logic reasoning and problem defining Asses causation develop and analyze alternatives and select solutions o Interpersonal Skills o Civility Training o Ethics Training A better listener how to communicate ideas more clearly and how to be a more effective team player Minimize incivility bullying and abusive supervision in organizations Based on values and value systems Must be learned by example Helpful for recognizing ethical dilemmas and Understand the various methods used to conduct a performance evaluation o Performance evaluation systems are used to make general HR decisions identify training and development needs and provide feedback to the employees o 3 types of performance behavior include task performance citizenship and counter productivity o Typically the manager conducts performance evaluation but now peers subordinates and the employee can be involved Understand how managers can improve performance evaluations ethical issues o Written Essays o Critical Incidents o Graphic Ratings Scales o Behaviorally Anchored rating scales o Forced comparisons Group order ranking Individual ranking o Use multiple evaluators o Evaluate selectively o Train Evaluators o Provide employees with due process Provide adequate notice Evidence is aired Final decision is free from bias o Post appraisals online o Provide performance feedback o Don s ignore weaknesses but train employees so that they can improve on their weaknesses Understand leadership in HR and drafting and enforcing employment policies o Designing and administering benefit programs Improve employee s psychological well being and therefore increase organizational performance o Drafting and enforcing employment policies Provide guidelines for