UD BUAD 309 - Chapter 1 What is Organizational Behavior?

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Chapter 1 What is Organizational Behavior?What Managers Do- Managers : an individual who achieves goals through other people- Organization : a consciously coordinate social unit composed of two or more people, that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goalsManagement Functions- Four management functions:o Planning : a process that includes defining goals, establishing strategy, and developing plans to coordinate activitieso Organizing : determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasksare to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be madeo Leading : a function that includes motivating employees, directing others, selecting the most effective communication channels, and resolving conflictso Controlling : monitoring activities to ensure they are being accomplished as plannedand correcting any significant deviations Managerial Roles1. Interpersonala. Figurehead o Symbolic head; required to perform a number of routine duties of a legal or social natureb. Leader o Responsible for the motivation and direction of employeesc. Liaisono Maintains a network of outside contacts who provide favors and information2. Informationala. Monitoro Receives a wide variety of information; serves as nerve center of internal and external information of the organizationb. Disseminatoro Transmits information received from outsiders or from other employees to members of the organization c. Spokespersono Transmits information to outsiders on organization’s plans, policies, actions, and results; serves as expert on organization industry3. Decisionala. Entrepreneuro Searches organization and its environment for opportunities and initiates projects to bring about changeb. Disturbance handlero Responsible for corrective action when organization faces important, unexpected disturbancesc. Resource allocatoro Makes or approves significant organizational decisionsd. Negotiatoro Responsible for representing the organization at major negotiationsManagement Skills- Technical skills : the ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise- Human skills : the ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups- Conceptual skills : the mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situationsEffective versus Successful Managerial Activities1. Traditional managemento Decision making, planning, and controlling2. Communicationo Exchanging routine information and processing paperwork3. Human resource managemento Motivating, disciplining, managing conflict, staffing, and training4. Networkingo Socializing, politicking, and interacting with outsiderso Most successful managers have highest percentage of networkingOrganizational BehaviorOrganizational behavior (OB): a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness- It studies three determinants of behavior in organizations: individuals, groups, and structure- Applies the knowledge gained about individuals, groups, and the effect of structure on behavior in order to make organizations work more effectively- Emphasizes behaviors of jobs, work, absenteeism, employment turnover, productivity, human performance, and management- Includes the core topics of motivation, leader behavior and power, interpersonal communication, etc.Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study- Systematic study : looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and drawing conclusions based on scientific evidence- Evidence-based management (EBM): the basing of managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence- Intuition : a gut feeling not necessarily supported by researcho Relying on intuition is made worse because we tend to overestimate the accuracy of what we think we knowDiscipline that Contribute to the OB Field- Psychology : the science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals- Social psychology : an area of psychology that blends concepts from psychology and sociology and focuses on the influence of people on one anothero Implementing change and how to reduce barriers to its acceptanceo Changing attitudes, identifying communication pattern and building trust- Sociology : the study of people in relation to their social environment or cultureo Help with complex organizations- Anthropology : the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities o Help us understand differences in fundamental values, attitudes, and behavior between people in different countries and within different organizationsChallenges and Opportunities for OB- Contingency variables : situational factors: variables that moderate the relationship betweentwo or more variables 1. Responding to Economic Pressures2. Responding to Globalizationo Increased foreign assignmentso Working with people from different cultureso Overseeing movement of jobs to countries with low-cost labor3. Managing Workforce Diversityo Workforce diversity : the concept that organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and inclusion of other diverse groups4. Improving Customer Service5. Improving People Skills6. Stimulating Innovation and Change7. Coping with “Temporariness”8. Working in Networked Organizations9. Helping Employees Balance Work-Life Conflicts10. Creating a Positive Work Environmento Positive organizational scholarship : an area of OB research that concerns how organizations develop human strength, foster vitality and resilience, and unlock potential 11. Improving Ethical Behavioro Ethical dilemmas and ethical choices : situations in which individuals are required todefine right and wrong conductDeveloping an OB Model- Model : an abstraction of reality. A simplified representation of some real-world phenomenonInputs- Inputs : variables that lead to processeso Individual level Diversity Personality  Valueso Group level Group structure Group roles Team responsibilitieso Organizational level Structure CultureProcesses- Processes : actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs and that lead to certain outcomeso Individual level Emotions and moods Motivation Perception


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UD BUAD 309 - Chapter 1 What is Organizational Behavior?

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