CCJ 4663 Women Crime and Justice Exam 1 50 questions 35 multiple choice remainder are True False and matching Exam Information NO KNOW dates or percentages trends and patterns o Will be mostly application based She will provide a scenario and we will select which of the following is most likely the explanation for the scenario Example A female cop being the victim of domestic violence blurred lines Description of a manly man named Mark Hegemonic Masculinity Dr Johnson said to focus on Definitions Examples from What is Gender slides not in textbook Overview will have True False questions not multiple choice UCR NCVS o Be familiar with how its collected and limitations of each UCR hierarchy rule NCVS limited number no one under 12 forgetting incidents Section II review everything Section VI Section III o Questions on theories and feminist criminology why was it developed o 2nd 3rd Wave Feminism reasons for it coming about True False o Rape myths definitions and examples o Factors for reporting scenarios not list o NO cultural expectations and reporting o Victim Offender rape myths and blame Who is more responsible Blame victim o Drugs not much about them Alcohol as date rape drug CCJ 4663 Women Crime and Justice Exam 1 Introduction What is Gender Social Structure Organization of society that shapes social behavior and attitude Collective versus social basis for behavior o Moving away from the individual o How people respond to this structure Sex Category that an infant is assigned at birth Biological aspect hormones reproductive system Gender What it means to be masculine feminine within a society Social cultural and psychological traits linked to males females through a particular context Ex An expectant mother If she has a girl she will buy gender appropriate clothes pink and decorate the room accordingly cartoon princesses flowers etc If she has a boy Will likely buy blue and sport racecar items Socialization aspect Filling traditional gender roles Gender Display Presentation of self as certain kind of gendered person using dress makeup adornments body markers o When is it socially acceptable for a man to wear makeup Interview models actors Halloween sports Gendered Processes Social practice of learning being taught and picking up cues for gender appropriate or not behavior o Even at a young age we are corrected to act properly Gender Binary o Artificial division of world in to masculine for men and feminine for females Opposite sex gender implies there are only two male female Different sex gender implies more options Creates a hierarchy Allows a fluid view Valued no ranking system Gender Identity How we see ourselves Sexual Orientations Who we are attracted to Pluralizing Gender Gender is fluid and dynamic Masculinities and femininities are on a spectrum can be different amount of each Hegemonic Masculinity bread winner manly man butch the manliest man that a guy Ideal types of gender Gender and Power by Connell 1980 can be CCJ 4663 Women Crime and Justice Exam 1 Emphasized Femininity down play intelligence don t want to emasculate the man Quiet demure Making Gender Visible When we hear gang violence violence in schools drug violence we think male Youth violence is a problem in data because there is no gender information shown Section One Overview Women Crime Women s Experiences in Criminal Justice System Blurring of lines women as offender victim and criminal justice professional women are all 3 Ex most women prisoners have prior victimization that led them to become an offender they re all connected Ex lady cop with a violent husband who kills for self defense she would fall under all 3 categories Belknap Research o Focus on early childhood abuse traumas mental health concerns and sexual identity to explain criminality Few to no studies on women or girls in crime invisible in conventional studies in the discipline o Reaction to male chauvinism Historical Overview experiences Add gender and stir approach to developing criminological theories o Idea of applying male theories to understanding female behaviors and o Men are the norm women the anomaly o Problem being that women don t fit in to a male equation Contemporary Overview How is a male offender different from a female offender How should CJS respond to female offenders How do females experience victimization How does CJS respond to female victims Official Data Sources UCR Uniform Crime Reports 1930 Represents crimes known to the police FBI Good for examining trends over time Part One offenses Index crimes Includes demographic data o Age o Gender o Race Ethnicity o Location state o Region metropolitan suburban rural CCJ 4663 Women Crime and Justice Exam 1 Limitations of UCR o Hierarchy rule Only the most severe crime is reported o Crimes not reported at all about 50 o Police recording Different police stations may report data differently o No arrests for many crimes NCVS National Crime Victimization Survey 1972 50 000 households 100 000 people age 12 Collected annually What type of data is collected o Information on under reported crimes o Detailed information on 6 types of crime Rape assault burglary motor vehicle theft robbery theft o Situational factors Race ethnicity income age marital status Relationship to offender provides offender information o If it was reported to the police and why or why not Limitations o Limited number of crimes o Doesn t account for victims under 12 o Non reporting issues o Problems with survey time order forgetting offenses etc Section Two Theories of Victimization Emergence of victim assistant programs 1970s o Result of increased pressure to support needs of victims Legislatures establishing rights for victims in CJ process because previously the defendant was all that seemed important According to the NCVS only 46 of victims actually report to police only 42 of rape assault report Why is there this reluctance to report o Embarrassment distrust of police think it won t change anything Seeing victim as careless Seeing victim as engaging in provocative lude risky manner Victim Blaming Victim engaging in A typical action ex parking in bad neighborhood Victim blaming is o Linked to low reporting o Secondary victimization Less likely to report if Intimate Partner Violence sexual abuse Feeling victimized again in court or by criminal justice system Don t receive proper support Negative consequences of victim blaming 1 Assumes only innocent victims are true victims CCJ 4663 Women Crime and