LSU HIST 2057 Final Exam Terms Manhattan Project 1942 46 US research and development program that produced the first atomic bomb Led by the United States but had the support of Canada and the UK Brown v Board of Ed the case challenged the doctrine of Separate but equal that had been established as constitutional under Plessy Vs Ferguson Separate but equal facilities are inherently unequal and this doctrine has no place in the field of public education with all deliberate speed Supreme court said the schools needed to be desegregated but o The governmental decision left the deadline too vague and Dwight D Eisenhower president did not enforce the decision because he didn t agree with the decision so the movement didn t have much support Southern Manifesto Congress was ruled by southerners during this time all the members of congress from the south signed this document saying they would do all that was in their power to resist integration Central High School This school began to integrate Orval Faubus Governor of Arkansas sent the national guard to block the enrollment of 9 african american students claiming it would cause a public disorder for them to enroll guard first federal military intervention in the south since reconstruction The army stayed there for 2 months Eisenhower sent troops to take federal control of the national United Nations Maintained that peace will be assured Beginning the US was very hopeful idea of collective security Optimism was gone very quickly Montgomery Bus Boycott Police arrested Rosa Parks for refusing to give up her seat to a white man They decided to challenge the segregation there were no african american bus drivers and that the buses didn t stop as frequently for african americans Montgomery decided later to desegregate the buses It was significant because o o it demonstrated that the african american community was willing to sacrifice for a principle or value it did away with the myth that the african american community was happy with the situation of segregation despite popular belief they didn t like it it proved that the movement could be effective because it o was a mass movement o Led to Dr Martin Luther King Jr becoming a major social figure during the civil rights movement Containment Used by a lot of presidents after it was implemented Try to contain the soviet union by using American influences to stop Used American troops money equipment etc communism Exceptionalism America being the top dog belief that American values and ideas are superior to everybody else s and that everybody else wants to be like us Munich conference 1938 Hitler promised that the only one of his German speaking area of Czech he wasn t going to go after any more territory in Europe he convinced Chamberlain of Britain to let him take of that German speaking part of Czech looking back on it after the war US saw that conference as an example of what happens when you give in to dictators Showed a prime example of appeasement Sit Ins SNCC Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee Group of AA ministers one of the main groups to organize protests A number of students were discussing what to do to try and were established members of community challenge the laws Students wanted to take a more active part in challenging these laws 1960 Greensboro NC 4 students from AA college decided to challenge store diner policy Went and bought some things from the store and sat at table at on not serving colored people diner waitress said don t serve colored people they stayed anyway came back and did the same thing the next day 1st sit in Word about 1st sit in traveled after 3 days seats were completely There had been sit ins prior to this but what made this different filled with AA students 60 was that with the strength of the civil rights movement going on at the time momentum grew Difference from previous challenges to civil rights was also do to TV Sit in tactic grew like wild fire Truman Doctrine Outlined in a speech during the beginning of the Cold War Doctrine helped other countries oppose communism wherever it appeared used during Truman s admin Reagan s admin It became the foundation for the foreign policy and sort of put the U S in the role of global policemen SCLC Southern Christian Leadership Conference Played a heavy part in the Civil RIghts Movement KNown for its first president Martin Luther King Jr Marshall Plan 1947 to help feed Europe and keep it economically sound and to keep communism out invited all European Nations including the Soviet Union to put in some request for aid and the US will try to meet all requests o 16 nations needed aid for US still needed to get money from o as they were debating this aid bill the Soviet Union helped o congress passed the bill program was successful o congress take over Czech successful and American companies had new markets in other places CORE Congress of Racial Equality Organized freedom rides a U S civil rights organization that played a pivotal role for African Americans in the Civil Rights Movement Founded in 1942 CORE was one of the Big Four civil rights organizations along with the SCLC the SNCC and the NAACP end of the 1955 68 civil rights movement Though still existent CORE has been much less influential since the Berlin Airlift Both US and Britain started airlifting supplies to Berlin American and British pilots did this for 15 months 2 3 million tons Because of this Stalin eventually realized that what he was doing of goods were sent to West Berlin wasn t helping anything so he backed down North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1949 US joined Canada and other western nations and created the first peacetime military alliance that US went into north Atlantic treaty organization first time in history the US pledged to go to war should one of it s first commander Dwight Eisenhower allies be attacked in response the Soveit Union gathered all nations that went communist and created an alliance called the Warsaw Pact in the Eastern part of Europe now the world is becoming divided Freedom Rides Greyhound bus in DC to NOLA over 13 days When reached Alabama white mob threw makeshift bombs into the more than 1 000 people attacked the Freedom Riders in Side note JKF was very reluctant to get involved he sympathized bus and then beat them with bats Montgomery AL with the AA only got involved after all hell broke loose Federal Marshals to restore order in AL MS etc As Civil Rights movement went on the violence increased first AA