Progressives Minorities 1895 1925 I The New Immigrants A Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 1 Chinese immigrants coming through Angel Island on the coast of CA 2 Chinese have come and taken over American production and the Workingmen s Party wants to exclude Chinese 3 Act says that any Chinese coming into the country would be thrown in jail and 4 First time a law restricts and entire ethnicity from emigrating to America 5 Lasted 10 years then was renewed 10 years later became permanent until sent back to China repealed in 1924 B Tape v Hurley 1885 1 Mary Tape was a Chinese American women that demanded her child be allowed to go to public school 2 Mary Tape won the case but CA state legislature amended the State Education Code a Did not allow Indian Mongolian and the Chinese from public education 3 Mary Tape wrote a letter to newspaper editor a Question of assimilation b Public schools assimilation to American culture c Still wanted her children to wear the Chinese dress C US v Wong Kim Ark 1898 1 Supreme Court ruled 14th amendment guaranteed citizenship to children born to Chinese immigrants in American and only those born in the US 2 Wong Kim Ark 1898 a Born in the US but went back to China for four years b He tried to come back but was denied because he was coming from China c Argued that he was a citizen because he was born in the US d USSC ruled that because he was born in the US he had the ability to come and go as he pleased D Japanese replace Chinese labor agriculture 1 Japanese in CA worked in farming and in the cities but most worked in 2 Native born whites were concerned about them taking over the economy a Applied anti Chinese feelings toward Japanese b Japan was the only country that was actually conquering land 3 1906 Tried to prevent Japanese from coming to public schools a Japanese now forced to go to the same schools as Chinese and Mongolians 4 Japan was upset so they went to the Japanese consulate and worked out a deal with Pres Roosevelt 5 Gentlemen s Agreement 1907 a San Francisco would allow Japanese children to attend public schools as long as Japan would stop granting labor passports to Japanese b Problem with immigration with restrictions made exceptions 1 Japanese could still go to Hawaii II African Americans Debate A Booker T Washington 2 The families of Japanese workers in the US could come to US 3 Did not cut down on Japanese immigration and angered whites E California Alien Land Law 1913 1 Prevented aliens from ineligible citizenship Chinese from owning or leasing land anyway 2 Japanese sent representatives to CA to lobby against the law but passed 3 Because of immigration race relations are just as bad in California as they were in the South F Migrant Workers Mexicans 1 Mexican Revolution caused economic hardship in Mexico 2 Many Mexican immigrants came through El Paso TX 3 Work for Mexicans was seasonal agricultural work migrant workers 4 Mexican children were forced to begin working rather than go to school 5 Mexican families felt it was more important for the their children to start working and not go to school because education doesn t matter when you re starving 1 Born into slavery before the Civil War 2 Believed that blacks needed to make the best of Jim Crow segregation 3 Founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama a To train elementary school teachers and industrial workers b Vocational school 4 Fighting for civil rights and equality was a waste of time blacks should really focus on economic advancement 5 Up from Slavery 1901 a Speech made at the Atlanta Convention b Don t leave the South c Start from the bottom to get to the top d Don t need to learn about the arts just take what opportunities you can get e Have to wait until they re ready for their rights they want f Focus on work not leisure g Very good speaker and white press loved him h First African American invited to dinner at White House with Pres B W E B Du Bois 1 Grew up in the North after segregation 2 Washington s strongest critic 3 All educated blacks had a bigger responsibility 4 Talented Tenth The educated members of black community a Believes arts are important 5 Washington s beliefs would lead to a Negro disenfranchisement b Legal segregation c A steady withdrawal of funds to black colleges 6 Souls of Black Folk 1903 equal rights a Educated blacks need to use their education in the liberal arts to establish b Economic advancements were not enough c Du Bois agenda 1 Right to vote 2 Civic equality 3 People who are able to go to college intellectually should be able to
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