5 11 15 First day Attendance 5 12 15 TUE Institution The formal or informal rules of the game UN security council each member 1 vote Institutions themselves can be formal or informal Formal institutions are written or codified in some way Informal institutions are norms Supranational v Intergovernmental What is Sovereignty A monopoly on the legitimate use of force Legitimacy means that a state is recognized by other entities Foundations of the EU It came after World War II The European Movement The idea of integrating Europe Jean Monnet was the father of this movement He felt that national policy and economic protectionism only promoted differences and conflict Recovery When working together it makes conflict less likely Security Economic Political Economic The Cold War Jean Monnet became President of the High Authority of the ECSC Economic Integration Schumann Declaration first declaration to promote economic integration in Europe Sought to make Franco German coal and steel controlled by one entity Coal and steel was absolutely necessary to rebuild Europe But at this time France is still distrustful of Germany Erupts pretty much right after WWII Communism gained a lot of ground in Western European countries and some of their parties still do today The Marshall Plan created by US secretary of state George Marshall The point was to stabilize political alliances and the economy The US gave Europe a lot of money because it was beneficial to the US at the time This plan hoped for a single market like in the US where we had the dollar and can go across state borders using the same authority The US and UK began to ease their restrictions on Germany while France remained staunchly against it ECSC foundation forming during this time Emergence of the ECSC Membership Only included free democracies Supranationality Then the BeNeLux Countries Belgium Netherlands and Luxembourg joined The original 6 were the Benelux countries France Germany and Italy The High Authority the authority within the European Coal and Steel Community Court of Justice established Council of Ministers established Common Assembly for democratic accountability this Assembly was elected whereas the above 3 were appointed Today Commission the legislative body Court of Justice pretty much the same Council of Ministers becomes the Council Common Assembly becomes the European Parliament Other early components of European integration German Rearmament France very opposed to it This called into question France s loyalty to the Union To avoid this France created the European Defense Community first failed attempt at political integration Obviously there is no European army today Ironically passes in every country that was to be included except for France and dies out Treaty of Rome Creates EurAtom European atomic energy community As well as the European Economic Community EEC France was the only one not really happy with EEC So France added clauses to it that extended preferential treatment to their overseas territories as well as to their agriculture This EEC is really the precursor to the EU we know of today In almost all of these treaties up to this point UK sits in but doesn t sign 5 13 15 WED Review of last class What was the first supranational institution ECSC What were some of the key factors that contributed to early integration One was rearmament of Germany What were issues regarding integration One was France s distrust of Germany What institutions followed the ECSC The main one is EEC European Community Treaty of Brussels Political Reform 1958 revolt by French army officers caused temporary collapse France s 5th Republic drafted by Charles de Gaulle He gives more power to the French president Under the new republic De Gaulle makes a lot of fiscal and monetary measures He devalues the franc increases taxes and cuts spending All of which are controversial policies With these measures he is trying to modernize France s economy Agricultural reform before this France s agriculture was mainly subsistence farming But after this they tried to actually create profit A Second Attempt at Common Defense Franco German Rapprochement like the US RUS thawing of relations Fouchet Plan Desire for a military independent of Europe Called for a political supranational institution Second failed attempt at common foreign and defense policy Called for united foreign and military policy as well as cultural and educational But this plan was incompatible with their goals The ECSC and Fouchet would be fighting against one another So they made the Franco German Treaty of Friendship and Reconciliation But during ratification the German parliament added a caveat that said that NATO had priority to the treaty But they still signed it and it did help At this point political integration is still not really a thing Structure of the EC Early growth The Council was the legislative body Regular meetings were held in Brussels The Coreper were permanent ambassadors Established by the council and comprised of private ambassadors They were charged with representing their nations interests at the table The Commission had 9 members 2 from France 2 from Germany 2 from Italy and 1 from each of the Benelux countries The EC Assembly was analogous to the Common Assembly Usually written as the European Parliament EP Things go great under this system lots of prosperity Constitutional Crisis Compromise Completion of the Customs Union Transition to own resources a percentage of each country s GNP a back tax and duties on imports Essentially lots of taxes These duties would not go to the country importing them but to the European community as a whole New Budgetary Arrangement Empty chair crisis France pulled its representative out which stops things because they needed unanimous vote After this De Gaulle is voted out hinting that people were not happy having been withdrawn from the community Interim financial regulation The Luxembourg Compromise Unanimous voting only for important issues But this slowed things because almost any issue could be called an important issue and require unanimous vote French decline German rise and transition De Gaulle was very outward focused French economic and political instability Student protest Pompidou is left in charge when De Gaulle leaves and becomes President German growth New chancellor comes forward who is very politically assertive This was seen as troubling Implemented Ostpolitik Was committed to deeper integration Britain