Sovereignty The legal notion that states are the ultimate authority over their territory and no other actor in the international system has the right to interfere in another state s internal affairs Responsibility to Protect R2P Notion that sovereignty doesn t merely create rights for states it also creates obligations Specifically states have a responsibility to provide certain basic protections to their citizens Possible extension if states fail to meet these responsibilities they fall to the international community and create a right of intervention Very new doctrine still lost of ambiguity o What exactly are these responsibilities o To what extent does the government have to fail at protecting them before the international community has the right to intervene o Who would be intervening and how much would they be allowed to do UN Peacekeeping Peacekeeping authorized by Chapter Six and a half of the UN Charter Ch VI calls on SC to negotiate dispute settlements Ch VII authorizes SC to use military force SC authorizes missions determines mandate rules of engagement UN members donate to general peacekeeping fund UN members volunteer troops Government s where deployment goes usually must consent Peacekeeping During the Cold War Originally peacekeeping was intended to monitor ceasefires primarily in international conflicts Began monitoring civil war ceasefires in 1960s Post Cold War Era More types of operations o Peacekeeping enter after conflict monitor ceasefires acts as physical barrier between warring parties o Peacemaking enter during conflict attempt to end it sometimes by fighting the warring parties o Peacebuilding peacekeeping efforts to improve political institutions and economy Shift toward peacemaking and peacebuilding which don t necessarily require consent Non UN Peace Operations Regional organizations African Union EU NATO o Sometimes more welcome than UN o Sometimes more willing to act without consent o NATO EU can do more expansive military operations than UN Do Peace Operations Work Hard to judge often get the hardest cases Definitely help when parties want peace o Post war demobilization a prisoner s dilemma But sometimes fail sometimes create new problems o Troops sometimes engage in rape looting other crimes o Troops not always unbiased Current Operations the Congo UN Mission in the Republic of South Sudan UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of
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