ISM 3003 Final Exam Study Guide Chapter 1 One Question MIS Resource Information intellectual asset hierarchy composing of data information and business intelligence It is often aggregated data bar graphs histograms Data RAW FACTS that describe a particular phenomenon i e temperature price of something and your age Information data that has a specific MEANING within its context Business Intelligence information on steroids COLLECTIVE Information about customers competition competitive environment and business partners Can aid in making business decisions Quality Attributes Timeliness when you get it describing the right period Location No matter where you are Form audio text animation etc Validity Is it credible info Lacks of these attributes create GIGO garbage in garbage out when making business decisions Flow of Information Upward describes state of organizations based on transactions Downward strategies and actions that are formed in an upper level and passed down Horizontal between functional business units and work teams Outward Inward from customers suppliers etc What it describes Internal Information Operational aspects of an organization External environment surrounding the organization Objective quantifiably describes something known Subjective describes something unknown Chapter 3 Two Questions Database Management System Tools DBMS helps you specify the logical requirements for a database and access and use the information in a database Five Components 1 Engine accepts logical requests and converts them into physical equivalents and access database and data dictionary on a storage device Physical View how info is physically arranged stored and accessed on a storage device Logical View how to arrange this info to meet your needs 2 Definition Subsystem helps you create and maintain the data dictionary and structure of the files in a database 3 Manipulation Subsystem helps you add change and delete info in a database and query it to find valuable info 4 Application Generation Subsystem contains facilities to help you develop transaction intensive applications 5 Data Administration Subsystem helps you manage the overall database environment by providing facilities for backup and recovery security reorganization etc Chief Officers 1 Chief Information Officer CIO manages every aspect of an organization s information resource facing technology 2 Chief Technology Officer CTO the underlying IT infrastructure and user 3 Chief Security Officer CSO technical aspects for security of information 4 Chief Privacy Officer CPO information is used in an ethical way Chapter 4 Sixteen Questions Decisions and Decision Support Find or reorganize the problem need and or opportunity Consider ways of solving the problem Examine the merits of each solution and choose the best one prescriptive phase Carry out the chosen solution and monitor the results Types of Decisions You Face Structured processing certain information in a specified way so you always get Nonstructural may be several right answers with an unsure way to get the right the right answer answer Recurring happens repeatedly Nonrecurring ad hoc one you make infrequently EASIEST HARDEST Decision Support Systems DSS highly flexible and interactive system that is designed to support decision making when the problem is not structured Helps you analyze and how to use the results of the analysis you must know how to solve the problem Three Components of DSS 1 Model Management consists of both the DSS models and the model 2 Data Management stores and maintains the information that you want your management system DSS to use 3 User Interface Management allow you to communicate with DSS Data Mining Tools and Models Tools 1 Association Dependency cross selling opportunities 2 Clustering Groups of entities that are similar 3 Classification use historical data to derive future inferences 4 Regression find relationships between data sets 5 Summarization Basic but powerful sums averages standard deviations etc Analytic Models 1 Predictive Analytics highly computational data mining technology that uses information and business intelligence to build a predictive model for a given business application insurance healthcare travel etc 2 Text Analytics uses statistical artificial intelligence and linguistic technologies to convert text info into structured info 3 Endless Analytics Web understanding and optimizing web page usage search engine optimization HR analysis of human resource and talent management data Marketing analysis of marketing related data to improve the 4 P s CRM analysis of CRM to improve sales force customer service and support Social Media analysis of social media data to better understand customer organization interaction dynamics Mobile analysis of data related to the use of mobile devices to support mobile computing and mobile e commerce Artificial Intelligence the science of making machines imitate human thinking and behavior can replace human decision in some instances Expert Systems an artificial intelligence system that applies reasoning capabilities to reach a conclusion used for diagnostics and prescriptive problems by reducing costs and errors Neural Network an artificial intelligence system that is capable of finding and differentiating patterns Fuzzy Logic a mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective information Genetic Algorithms an artificial intelligence system that mimics the evolutionary survival of the fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem Agent Based Technology piece of software that acts on your behalf or on behalf of another piece of software performing tasks assigned to it works on multiple distinct computer systems can adapt and alter the manner in which it works can relocate itself onto different computer systems Autonomous Agent Distributed Agent Mobile Intelligent Agent reasoning and learning info monitoring and surveillance data mining user shopping independently and also together to perform a task bio mimicry and swarm intelligence incorporates artificial intelligence capabilities such as group of intelligent agents that can work Multi Agent Systems Chapter 5 Fifteen Questions E Commerce Models Definition electronic commerce is commerce accelerated and enhanced by IT Business to Business B2B when a business sells products and services to customers who are primarily other businesses doing business with other businesses Business to Consumer B2C when a business