ISM3003 Final Exam Study GuideAgent-based technology - a small piece of software that acts on your behalf performing tasks assigned to itArtificial intelligence - the science of making machines imitate human thinking and behaviorAutonomous agent - software agent that can adapt and alter the manner in which it attempts to achieve its assigned taskBuyer agents - aka shopping agent; agents on a web site that help the customer find products and services they needCartographic - the art or technique of making mapsData management - performs the functions of storing and maintaining information and also that of giving you access to information you want your DSS to useData-mining agent - operates in a data warehouse discovering informationDecision support system - a highly flexible and interactive IT system that is designedto support decision making when the situation includes nonstructured elementsObjectives:- a simple and easy-to-use graphical interface (GUI)- access to large amounts of informationmodels and tools that you can use to massage the informationDistributed agent - software agent that works on multiple distinct computer systemsExpert system - an artificial intelligence system that applies reasoning capabilities to reach a conclusionFuzzy logic - a mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective informationGenetic algorithm - an artificial intelligence system that mimics the evolutionary, survival of the fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problemGeographic information systems - a DSS designed specifically to analyze spatial informationIll-defined - inadequately defined; vagueImplementation - applying the fix; carrying out the chosen solution, monitoring the results, and making adjustments as necessaryInformation agent - intelligent agents that search for information of some kind and bring it backIntelligent agent - software agent that can relocate itself onto different computer systemsKnowledge management system - an IT system that supports the capturing, organization, and dissemination of knowledge throughout an organizationMachine intelligence - a machine that uses sensors to monitor the environment and thereby adjust its actions to accomplish specific tasks in the face of uncertainty and variabilityModel management - consists of a wide variety of statistical and analytical tools, techniques, and modelsMonitoring-and-surveillance agent - intelligent agents that constantly observe and report on some entity of interest, a network, or manufacturing equipmentMulti-agent system - group of intelligent agents that have the ability to work independently but must also work with each other in order to achieve their assignedtaskNeural network - an artificial intelligence system that is capable of finding and differentiating patternsPredictive agents - a highly computational data-mining technology that uses information and business intelligence to build a predictive model for a given business applicationRecurring decision - decision that happens repeatedly and often periodically, whether weekly, quarterly, or yearlyShopping agents - aka buyer agents; agents on a web site that help the customer findproducts and services they needSpatial - any information that can be shown in map form, such as roads, the distribution of bald eagle population, sewer systems, the path of a hurricane, and even the shortest driving route from beginning location to destinationStructured decision - decision which involves processing a certain kind of information in a specified way so that you will always get the right answerSwarm management - the collective behavior of groups of simple agents that are capable of devising solutions to problems as they arise, eventually leading to coherent global patternsUser agent - intelligent agents that take action on your behalf, such as sorting your email by priority, dumping unsolicited email into your spam folder, and playing computer games as your opponentWell-defined - accurately and unambiguously statedAdware - software to generate ads that installs itself on your computer when you download some other program from the webBusiness to Business (B2B) e-commerce - occurs when a business sells products andservices to customers who are primarily other businessesBusiness to Consumer (B2C) e-commerce - occurs when a business sells products and services to customers who are primarily individualsBusiness to Government (B2G) e-commerce - occurs when a business sells products and services to a government entityBanner ads - small advertisements that appear on other sitesConsumer to Consumer (C2C) e-commerce - occurs when an individual sells products and services to another individualClick-through - a count of the number of people who visit one site, click on an ad, and are taken to the site of the advertiserCommodity-like - have low barrier to entry; merchandise that is similar to convenience items; the environment is on the basis of price, each and speed of delivery, ease of ordering, and return policy; typically easy to enter so buyer power is highConvenience goods - items that consumers often need but are lower priced and conveniently availableConversion rate - the percentage of potential customers who visit your site who actually buy somethingCybermediary - the person or firm that facilitates deals or transactions on the internetDigital wallet - both software and information; the software provides security for the transaction and the information includes payment informationDirect marketplace - selling goods directly to consumers rather than through retailersDirect materials - materials that are used in production in a manufacturing companyor are placed on the shelf for sale in a retail environmentE-commerce - commerce accelerated and enhanced by IT, the InternetE-Markets (EM) - an interactive business providing a central market space where multiple buyers and suppliers can engage in e-commerce and/or other e-commerce business activitiesE-Payments - a system that sends bills over the internet and provides an easy to use mechanism to pay for them if the amount looks correctGovernment to Business (G2B) e-commerce - occurs when a government entity sellsproducts and services to businessesGovernment to Consumer (G2C) e-commerce - refers to the electronic commerce activities performed between a government and its citizens or consumers including paying taxes, registering vehicles, providing information and services, etcHit rate - a metric or measure