MEDICAL ETHICS EXAM 2 Enhancement Plastic Surgery Doping in Sport A Necessary Vanity Edmonds The Golden Years Polished with Surgery Ellin Arguments for legalization could be regulated non health threatening drugs could be legal consistency caffeine creatine inevitability impossibility of policing Naturally occurring advancements Ethics of Performance Enhancement in Sport Drugs and Gene Doping Foddy and Savulescu Sports Enhancement Murray Drug race in sport has potential to create slow motion public health catastrophe Cloning The Moral Status of the Cloning of Humans Tooley 162 177 have to distinguish between cloning to produce mindless organ banks and persons fine to create mindless organ banks if embryo outside body put into womb to develop and had to flip switch to stop development it would not be wrong to flip switch not wrong to destroy active potential mindless organ banks not considered person don t need same moral benefits Imagine world with genetically identical people and no discrimination would that world be worse than ours knowledge about clone does not constrain may be valuable Tooleys argument for benefit of cloning persons develop better theories about human development cloning the best might be beneficial for society saves lives children may be happier with parents who know how to best raise them enables infertile and same sex couples to have genetically related child parents can create tissue compatible sibling for sick child moral status begins with self consciousness cloning permissible in general shouldn t do in present circumstances because too many risks Assisted Reproduction I Sperm Egg Donors To Give or Sell Human Gametes Daniels should gametes be sold or given as gift selling is for money gift may be more rewarding promise of paying causes more donations perils fewer will donate and child may feel commodified abandoned by parents for money The Right to Choose Your Donor Pennings supports right to choose donor choose donor that matches partner poorly organized argument Surrogacy Surrogate Mothering Exploitation or Empowerment Purdy 90 99 Consequentialist Approach empowers woman and raises position in society paying allows society to see that carrying baby is hard work surrogacy is conditionally good for women Purdy in general favors surrogacy but against certain contracts must distinguish between invariable essential consequences and contingent accidental consequences surrogacy alleviates infertility distributes burdens and risks undermines traditional notions of family A Response to Purdy Dodds and Jones 100 104 The Case of Baby M Elizabeth Stern had multiple sclerosis wanted child but too many health risks Marybeth Whitehead hired by William Stern to carry child contract and 10 000 Felt she formed a bond with the child and threatened suicide if Sterns would not give child back NJ court said whole contract was illegal but gave custody of Baby M to Mr Stern and said Whitehead could not adopt Cannot force a genetic mother to relinquish rights to child she can sign contract but it is not valid Assisted Reproduction II Who Should be Parents The Winter s Tale Act I Scene II Shakespeare The Gift of Life Velleman Velleman Predicament of human existence gift of life is the bestowal of an opportunity which is accompanied by both a threat and a risk genetic bonds between child and parent is important personal need arising from predicament of being born a human being or receiving mixed blessings of human life gift of life is accompanied by both threat and risk threat if child refuses to do work needed to flourish and be happy she will suffer risk if child accepts challenge she might fail genetic parents are responsible for bestowing this gift ad thus responsible for helping child with it those who bring child into world are responsible genetic theft parental obligations are not transferable child s welfare is parent s issue because prospects of living flourishing life decrease if not raised by genetic parents Being human means struggling to Form an identity have footsteps to follow people who are like us to help with individual struggles Not feel alienated learn to love the faces we look into Not feel existentially insecure clearly identifiable location in endless chain of reproduction mother father siblings Growing up with genetically related parents essential for mastering this struggle successfully gamete donation with no intention of rearing child is irresponsible towards child best way of having children may be cloning closer to parents The Right to Lesbian Motherhood Hanscombe 104 107