Tim Best EUH 2000 Final Study Guide Everything highlighted is important everything not highlighted was mentioned The Catholic Church in the Central Middle Ages Background info in 1274AD the Traditional way of electing popes was introduced in the Roman Catholic Church Before this time Popes were elected Rite of Acclaim Everyone in HRE had the right to vote for the pope from a list Didn t work as the manorial lords instructed their vessels on who to vote for Eventually the papacy ended this and instituted Rite of Nullification Rite of Nulification The right of the aristocrats in HRE to solely appoint the Pope The aristocrats were all power hungry so this led to wars between aristocrats Anti Pope Those that believed they were the rightful pope They wouldn t back down from the papacy even if someone else was elected They were evil in the eyes of the Catholic Church The Dark Ages of the Papacy Started in 904 with Pope Sergius III Pope Sergius III Had his opponents executed after he was elected the pope He imprisoned the Anti pope named Christopher that ran against him and had all the Anti Popes followers imprisoned Pope Sergius III fell in love with a girl named Mazariah the two have a son together whom eventually becomes the next pope Pope John XI The son of Sergius and Mazariah he was only 20 years old when elected pope The Duke of Spileta Albarick invades Rome during his papacy and marries Mazariah Pope John XI s mother The Duke of Spileta controls all of Pope John XI actions and pretty much rules the HRE Pope John XI dies at age 25 Pope John XII He s the son of the Duke of Spileta and Mazariah The second son of Mazariah to become a Pope He wasn t even Catholic when he was appointed the pope he was actually pagan and believed in the old Roman gods He castrated his confessors had random women blinded took their eyes out and was addicted to Gambling After every meal he would toast to the Devil Otto the Great The holy roman emperor at the time of Pope John XII reign He hears of the corruption in the papacy and sends bishops to investigate the situation known as synops Otto de franks pope John XII and appoints Leo 7th as the new Pope Otto the Great reinstituted the Holy Roman Emperors power to appoint the Pope Benedict 9th Pope after Leo 7th He served as the Pope three different times He was known as The demon from hell disguisd as a preist He was forced out of Rome by a mob Benedict asked the Holy Roman Emperor to help him so the emperor reinstituted him as the Pope Benedict got bored and sold his position of Pope to his Godfather He then kills his godfather and takes back the papacy The HR emperor kicks benedict out Pope Clermont II Tries to end Simony which is selling the Holy Spirit Simony is when a Bishop bought his position in the Catholic Church Didn t really help though During Pope Clermont s reign Friars and Monastic groups start pushing for change Friars are not monastic as they drink beer interact with other people and live off donations Pope Leo IX really starts cracking the whip on Simony He sends out representatives all throughout Rome to investigate misusage of Bishops power He removes corrupt bishops from power He expands the College of Cardinals to gain further allies with similar interests Pope Leo IX breaks ties with the Eastern Christian Church by demanding the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople to recognize Pepin s Donation Byzantines refuse which ends relationship Leo couldn t reform the church by himself so he brought in Peter Damian reformer that brought an army and two powerful men to help end the church corruption He brought with him 1 Hilderbrand of Sovana great speaker and debater could win mostly any debate with the help of Humber 2 Humber of Silvia great scholar very smart brains of the operation These two reformed the Catholic Church to its present day workings Gregory 7th Hilderbrand of Sovana is appointed pope after Leo IX dies He launched an all out assault of Lay influence Bans Investiture Investiture worst type of lay influence whenever a bishop was appointed he received a ring and a staff from the HRE It signified putting the King before the Church Gregory 7th really wants to end this but the HRE wants it kept Henry IV Holy roman Emperor doesn t want investiture to stop writes a letter to Gregory 7th telling him to let investiture stay and refers to the Pope by his old name Hilderbrand Pope Gregory 7th excommunicates Henry this makes henry completely powerless Canossa when Henry begged the Pope for forgiveness Pope Gregory 7th un excommunicates Henry However Gregory doesn t tell anyone the Henry is the HRE again so Henry doesn t regain any power Henry IV and Gregory 7th fight Henry IV writes another letter to the Pope asking him to tell everyone that he is the reappointed as the HRE Gregroy 7th doesn t write back so Henry invades Italian peninsula Gregory retreats south where there are Vikings Now in control Henry IV appoints a new Anti Pope With the help of Vikings Normandy Gregory kicks out the anti pope and regains the papacy However now there s a bunch of pillaging Vikings running around Rome The roman population fed up with all this non sense kick Gregory and all the Vikings out of Rome Concordat of Worms 1122 Church officials gather to discuss Henry and Gregory s fight They put an end to lay influence but in reality lay influence still exists Pope Hadrian IV only English Pope started the papacy with the roman masses in a rebellion He issued a state of Interdict which meant anyone rebelling was kinda excommunicated and suspended religious services within a region This ended the rebellion and put all power in the hands of the Pope Pope Hadrain IV increased the power of the papacy by ending a rebellion without the help of the HRE He increased the papacy s power until the 14th century Heresy and Torture Heresy Holding a belief that opposed orthodox beliefs Heresy doesn t necessarily mean evil just not what the church believes To combat these heretics the papacy wanted to use force and torture but the priests and bishops thought it was wrong to use violence The Papacy ignored the priests and started an inquisition against heresy Medieval Inquisition used imprisonment in 11th 12th century then torture in 13th Pope Gregory 9th first instituted inquisition against pagans in Italy He formed the frame work of how to deal with heretics Trialing Heretics always favored prosecution forced the accused to name another heretic The purpose of the trial