PHY 1020 Chapter 5 Notes and Multiple Choice Questions Multiple Choice 1 Recent reports discussing the population bomb B Indicate that the explosion is slowing pg 158 2 A one kiloton nuclear weapon exploded at ground level would destroy A About 1 square kilometer of a city 3 For an atomic bomb the number of doublings required is closest to C 80 pg 155 pg 166 4 An implosion type bomb is required for B a Pu 239 bomb stated in class 5 Moore s law relates to D computer chip capability pg 163 6 Which of the following does not represent exponential growth 7 The statement that the Chernobyl accident will kill 24 000 people is D illness from anthrax pg 161 based on B the linear hypothesis pg 186 8 A moderator is something that A slows neutrons pg 177 9 The dangerous radioactivity in fallout comes from D fission fragments pg 174 in class 10 Fallout is much worse if the bomb A is exploded near the ground pg 174 11 A nuclear reactor cannot explode like a nuclear bomb because C the nuclear reactor depends on slow neutrons 12 According to the text the least bad place to put nuclear waste is 13 A breeder reactor is designed to produce 14 The number of nuclear weapons that the United States had was pg 177 D underground pg 184 D plutonium pg 178 closest to B ten thousand pg 176 15 PCR has been used to Choose all that are appropriate A identify children of Thomas Jefferson B check the guilt of convicted murders C identify victims of 9 11 D identify the fathers of children the test should have a choice E that is all of the above pg 160 16 The Hiroshima bomb used A a gun design pg 166 17 If the water moderator is lost from a nuclear reactor B radiation from fission fragments will continue to produce heat 18 The material that might be reprocessed from nuclear waste is D Pu 239 19 Which of the following is not a good example of the doubling law D future population growth pg 158 20 The Canadian Candu reactors use B deuterium pg 178 21 Plutonium can explode with fewer generations than can uranium because A plutonium fission releases more neutron pg 171 22 In a nuclear power plant the material that runs through the turbine is 23 The number of deaths from the Nagasaki bomb is estimated to be 24 The smallest container that could contain one critical mass of D steam pg 176 B 50 000 150 000 plutonium is B a coffee mug pg 166 A uranium pg 166 A Calutrons pg 168 25 The bomb dropped on Hiroshima used as its fuel 26 Saddam Hussein planned to enrich uranium using 27 A centrifuge enrichment plant takes an are of about B one large classroom pg 170 28 PCR involves D DNA pg 159 160 29 One of the most dangerous radioactive materials from fallout is C Sr 90 pg 174 pg 194 30 The term China Syndrome refers to B meltdown of the nuclear fuel pg 185 in class 31 Depleted uranium is a useful substance because B an artillery shell made from it is very penetrating pg 180 32 PCR was used to learn about B descendants of Sally Hemmings pg 160 33 Another name for the H bomb is D thermonuclear bomb pg 173 34 A nuclear explosion similar to the one produced by North Korea would destroy an area about A the size of a college campus 35 Cold fusion B has been seen in laboratory experiments 36 At Three Mile Island choose all that are correct C some of the uranium melted pg 186 37 What distinguishes a breeder reactor from other reactors is that D it makes more fuel than it uses pg 178 in class 38 Jupiter is not a star because B it isn t massive enough Notes Nuclear Reactors Connect steam to an electric generator Produce useful energy through carefully moderated and controlled fission reactions Gets hot causes water to boil creates steam causes generator to work As of July 2012 435 operating nuclear reactors with 62 under construction 4 5 of the U S energy comes from burning coal 1 5 from Nuclear and renewable energy renewable energy hydro electric power ex dam Nuclear Energy To power the earth we need to build one new reactor every other day for 50 years To power these reactors with uranium we must mine it from the ocean Breeder reactors can create fuel but also introduce risk of nuclear weapons proliferation they create a lot of plutonium Many difficulties with storing nuclear waste Enough uranium in seawater but it is not economically possible Wet storage take spent nuclear material and put it into water which makes it boil Dry storage giant cask half is reinforced steel and concrete can be stored vertically or horizontally Yucca Mountain Nevada The U S in 1990 started worrying about nuclear waste A hole was drilled below Yucca Mt and nuclear wasted was stored there Geologically stable so no earthquakes that could disrupt it People worried about getting the nuclear waste there and how it would affect their states The Yucca Mt storage was shelved and defunded by the government Law suites began flooding in against the government from states who had high amounts of nuclear waste and wanted it out The Yucca Mt Storage is still an ongoing issue World Nuclear Power Plants Germany turned off all nuclear power plants and is using coal in nuclear energy s place This also happened in Japan although the government is in favor of turning them back on China is building a lot of new power plants of every kind yet still does not have enough energy they are buying energy from any country who is willing to sell it Gabon Reactor Located in West Central Africa Deposits of uranium lots and all in the same area Most of the non volatile fission products and actinides have only moved centimeters in the veins during the last 2 billion years Hanford Washington Represents 2 3 of the nations high level radioactive waste by volume Today it is the most contaminated nuclear site in the U S It is the focus of the nations largest environmental cleanup Radioactive material leaking into the soil and river and then into Oregon and the Pacific Ocean No known deaths because of it Probably costs about 115 billion although this is probably an underestimate Controlled Fusion No better source of energy 1000x more energy than a nuclear reactor 1 billion times more energy than burning coal Inertial confinement fusion Fusion reactors ITER
View Full Document
Unlocking...