Theory as ideology use of reports about the world that justify commands to do something in the public realm that serves interests rooted in particular circum stances to appreciate how circumstances experiences and interests serve as roots for the ideas that evolve as criminological thinking all thoughts and ideas of an individual are different because their CEI s are dif ferent a shared way of knowing that produces similar knowledge to appreciate that ideas have consequences for the real world ideas that provide action in the real world as it is ideas that reflect the individuals CEI s to appreciate the knowledge that these ideas bring and being able to choose what you know and what you WANT to know knowing subject criminologist as a knowing subject trying to understand the world has ideas theories and descriptions about crime law etc part of a world that is characterized by particular circumstances experiences and interests they are formed constituted from this world reports commands interests statements about what is what was what will be why and how descriptive historical explanation statistical theoretical they JUSTIFY COMMANDS rational normative discourse statements of what should be what must be the reason for these is because of the reports that justify them having a stake in the outcome of public action a function of their circumstances lifestyle different circumstances different interests student tuition example if student tuition goes up the student will be affected in a nega tive way but the professors will be effected in a positive way so the students interest is to not raise tuition but he professor doesn t mind so his interest is to raise the tu circumstances ition where you live how you live what you do what you can and cannot do shapes interests makes reports justifies actions the circumstances and interests of an individuals lifestyle may have conse quences of the real world or the interests of others superordinate vs subordinate ideology Classical criminology ideology of critique and change reports human nature as an ideal reflects bourgeoisie circumstances 3 KEY reports sensuality utility maximization on all levels universal centrality of pain and pleasure pain and pleasure dictate what people SHOULD do empirical basis of behavior normative moral value standard greatest good the greatest number rationality EVIDENCE the basing of judgements of truth courses of action weighing the evidence as a basis for acting choosing crime or not individual freedom free individuals create the structure of social and economic law to maximize their utility commands BLE punishment should intrude on the natural liberty of individuals AS LITTLE AS POSSI punishment should produce utility greater good for the greater number and can only be justified if it does because it is an intrusion on natural liberty to deter crime punishment should be something a rational utility maximizing person can take into account to weigh costs and benefits when making a ratio nal choice punishment should serve as evidence A SYMBOL OR SIGN OF THE COSTS OF CHOOSING CRIME to serve as evidence or as a sign of the cost of choosing crime punish ment should be swift certain consistent and proportional to the harm being deterred who rising bourgeoisie people who got what they got because of what they had and not because of what they could do what to have punishments more consistently applied so as to better protect their prop interests erty circumstances transition feudalism to capitalism asymmetrical power relations emergence of a new class called the bourgeoisie executed by and in the interest of the land owners access to court positions make and enforce laws wrote against the death penalty and torture as possible punishments for criminal activity On Crimes and Punishments power Cesare Beccaria Jeremy Bentham advocated individual and economic freedom separation of church and state freedom of expression equal rights for women rights to divorce decriminalizing of homosexual acts abolition of slavery death penalty and physical punishment opposed feudalism idea of natural law and natural rights called them nonsense upon stilts exchange for service or labor enlightenment a system for structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in intellectual movement that energized the transition from feudalism to capitalism critiqued existing social order and institutions of feudalism used human nature as standard condition by which to critique bourgeoisie the middle grounds between land owners and peasants had to do with banks merchants and trade turned money into more money had the vulnerability uncertainty that someone could steal their stuff punishment in relation to feudalism freedoms natural liberties utility rationality evidence Positive criminology positivism critique of of power law reports key report that positive criminology makes is the causes of behavior if you know the cause you can fix the problem will justify control generally and will focus control specifically how to control or what to control characterize the differences that cause criminal behavior commands behavior of individuals people in general interests superordinates are most interested in control people with power bourgeoisie benefit form control circumstances they all reflect the emergence of the bourgeoisie as a controlling power economically socially politically and ideologically they make control something that might be threatened potentially problematic the ideology of individualism economic social order of the large scale manufacturing facilities encourages massive immigration migration big numbers and diversity how do we control it all bourgeoisie economies tend to collapse periodic tendency for crises of during times of contraction people have no means of subsis overproduction tence Auguste Comte positive philosophy discover the laws of social statics and social dynamics resolving the revolutionary constitution of modern society accommodate to the inevitable resignation to the incurable evils consolidate order elimination of antisocial conduct COMMANDS OF CONTROL detached neutrality pathology objective observing and identifying natural laws that regulate criminal behavior looking from the outside in report of positivism that describes the meaning of crime in the social body an untenable variant condition pathological differences that determine criminal behavior ubiquity and functionality of crime something is
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