Wednesday, June 13, 2012CCJ3011 Lecture #17(First Lecture For Exam 3)Exam 2 Breakdown-75% class average 80%-5% pts added to each exam-Final/ Exam #3: Not Cumulative(Lots of definitions in last section of course for Exam 3)Interpersonal Crimes of ViolenceCauses of Violence- Personal Traits1- Neurological impairment2- Low intelligence3- Psychotic symptoms- Ineffective Families1- Absent/deviant parents2- Inconsistent discipline3- Lack of supervision4- Sexual/physical abuse-These linked to become violent offenders- Evolutionary Factors/Human Instinct1- Humans have instinctual violence-promoting traits- Exposure to Violence1- Constant exposure may lead to adopting violent methods-Also applies to neighborhood level, they are forced to live there and see such acts of violence- Substance Abuse1- Both individual and social levels-Substance abusers have higher rates of violence-Neighborhoods with high levels of substance abuse have higher rates of violence- Cultural Values1-Violent areas seem to “cluster” together2- Subculture of violence (helps to explain this phenomenon)Violent Crimes We Will Be Discussing- Murder - Assault- Rape and sexual assault- Robbery- Hate crimes1- Murder and Homicide- Homicide: The willful killing of one human being by another-Not always a crime – E.g., self defense- Murder: Unlawful/intentional killing of a human being by another without legal justification -Committed with malice aforethought- willful and intentional disregard for human lifeDegrees of Murder1- First Degree Murder – unlawful killing of a human being by another with malice aforethought and premeditation- Premeditation- considering/planning act beforehand- Also, killing that accompanies a felony (E.g., robbery) usually constitutes first-degree murder –Felony Murder2- Second Degree Murder- unlawful killing of a human being with malice aforethought but not premeditation- Crimes of passions- Implies impulsiveness2- Manslaughter- occurs without malice aforethought or premeditation- Voluntary (non-negligent) Manslaughter- unjustified killing that arises out of an intense conflict that provoked violence- Involuntary (negligent) Manslaughter- unjustified killing that occurs when a person’s acts are negligent and without regard for the harm of others-E.g. Drunk DrivingPatterns of Homicide- The degrees of murder/homicide arise from many causes, motives, and situations- Four patterns of homicide:1- Subculture violence2- Situational3- Serial Killing4- Mass Murder1- Subculture of Violence- Subcultures: Groups of people who share norms, values, beliefs that differ significantly from those of the dominant culture- Violent subcultures demand members to make violent responses to certain social situations- Helps us understand why homicide becomes a way of life in certain communities2- Situational Homicide1- Primary/expressive homicide:- Most common type- Occur between family members, friends, acquaintances- Usually spring from an interpersonal conflict2- Non-primary/instrumental homicides- Occur during another crime/pursuit of some goal- Victim/offender usually have no prior relationship/affiliation3- Serial Killers- Killing of three or more people in three or more separate events- Usually live a double-life- Types of serial killers1- Visionaries/missionary – kill based on hearing voices/having visions2- Comfort/profit- kill for financial/material gain3- Thrill motivated (Hedonistic)- kill for excitement/pleasure by inflicting pain on victim 4- Thrill motivated (Power)- exercise authority/dominate victim-Often times will sexually assault/ rape victims; not for pleasure, but to assert dominance Mass Murder- Killing of four (not 3, as the book says) or more individuals in a single event- Unique offenders- easily to apprehend or the offender usually commits suicide- Victims randomly selected/part of targeted group-E.g., School shootings, mall shootings, etc.Mass Murder Cont…- Types of Mass Murders:1- Revenge- get even with individuals/society2- Love- “save’ love ones from threat/danger-E.g., Father goes bankrupt and kills entire family to “save” them from the pain3- Profit- seek money/material benefit/gain-E.g., Bank Robberies4- Terror- create fear/panic; also send a message-E.g. Gang killing of rival gangs to send a message to the other gangThursday, June 14, 2012CCJ3011 Lecture #18Assault- Assault: Attempted commission of bodily injury or frightening the victim by word or deed (Does not require actual striking the victim)- Battery: Nonconsensual physical contact-E.g., slapping, hitting, punching- Assault with battery is most common violent crime in the U.S. according the F.B.I.- Categories:1- Aggravated assault- The attempt to commit, or the commission of, serious bodily harm/injury upon an individualo Usually includes use of a weapon/deadly force that leads to injury/death2- Simple Assault - The attempt to commit, or the commission of, less serious physical injuryo Usually does not include use of a weaponTypes of Assault- Stranger Assaulto Instrumental assault- occurs for achievement and involves planning E.g., robberyo Expressive assault- spontaneous act of violence E.g., bar fight- Acquaintance Assaulto Intimate partner o Child abuseo Domestic violence: pattern of abusive behavior in a relationship used by one partner to gain/maintain power/control over another partner (Also known as “intimate partner violence” Over 9/10 victims are women, and 9/10 offenders are men Cycle of Violenceo Tension-building phaseo Acting-out phaseo Honeymoon phase- Acquaintance Assault Cont… o Child abuse: physical/emotional trauma to a child for which there is no reasonable explanationo Types of Abuse1. Physical abuse - non-accidental infliction of harm 2. Neglect - failure to provide food, clothing, shelter, medical care, or supervision3. Sexual Abuse - exploitation of children through rape, incest, and molestation4. Emotional Abuse – non-accidental infliction of mental injuryo Approx. half of child abuse cases is neglecto Most-vulnerable children are under three years of ageo Male offenders account for the majority of child sexual abuse; Females represent majority of offenders in overall child abuse casesRape and Sexual Assault- Sexual assault: The use of physical violence, threat, or intimidation to commit a sexual act on the victim- Forcible rape: The carnal knowledge (sexual intercourse) of a person by force and against the person’s will Most serious type of
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