Criminology Exam 2 Study Guide CCJ3011 Chiricos a Study of making and breaking of laws and society s reaction to the breaking Edwin a Attempt to access what is what was what is changing and what patterns there are a Attempt to answer why to the described i The way patterns relate to behavior as it is described as real 2 Statements made in a scientific way are meant to be 3 What evidence to criminologists have a Based on crime and criminals 4 What are 2 activities of the scientific enterprise 1 What is criminology Sutherland a falsified a Description b explanation 5 What is description 6 What is explanation 7 What is the first component of evidence a Description or observation 8 What are 4 ways of knowing a Direct observation b Uniform crime reports UCR c Victim surveys d Self reports 9 What did Karl Popper believe a Different types of statements demarcation falsifiability 10 What is theory a Explanation b Attempts to describe and explain Real world is object 11 What are the strengths and limitations of knowing what we know a Social constructions of reality 12 When does direct observation happen enforcement 13 What is not included in direct observation a Data stats charts numbers 14 What is a positive about direct observation a Provides rich detail not found in data 15 What are some examples of direct observation a When people w various experiences describe their experiences victims crimes law a There Are No Children Here and The Other Side of the River by Kotlowitz Code of the Street by Anderson and Monster by Kody Scott 16 What are weaknesses of direct observation CCJ3011 Chiricos a Different people have different perceptions of a situation b Not falsifiable knowledge particular to each person c Distortion of reality swayed by others partial or lie d biased 17 What makes the UCR a Dept of Justice FBI 18 What 4 things are included in the UCR a Crimes known to police Part 1 Offenses b Crimes cleared by arrest c d Supplemental Homicide Report detailed info about crime relationships age race sex Law enforcement Employee Stats and characteristics 19 What is the source of UCR data a Voluntary info collected by Law enforcement calculated by FBI 20 What of urban population is covered by agencies Rural a 98 urban b 94 rural 21 What are the strengths of the UCR a Tells about what of some crimes b Done consistently for decades c Representative d e Volume and rate of arrests f costs of crime a One victim one crime b Only records most serious crimes c Variation b t agencies over time d Can be misleading due to tourism 22 Weaknesses of UCR Insight into volume and rate of crime can be misleading b c tourism 23 Why do people not report crime a Past experience lack of faith due to police bias people know each other embarrassment police not effective fear of retribution victims may be criminals themselves 24 What are the limitations of the UCR a Presence of people not counted in population tourists b Doesn t address the who of crime closest is race of arrested 25 What percent of violent crime and property crimes are known to the police arrested a 58 violent 27 arrested for violent crime 73 of reality missing b 39 property 7 property crime arrested 93 reality missing 26 What is the dark figure of crime a Substantial undercount of crimes known to police 27 What is the overall of index crimes that get reported to police a 40 CCJ3011 Chiricos 28 What is the dark figure a 60 29 What is the one victim one crime rule a E g if 3 people attack 1 person only 1 crime b c only 1 victim 30 What is 1 operation 1 crime a If multiple crimes 1 victim count the worst crime 31 What is the 1 victim 1 crime 1 operation 1 crime a form of a undercounting 32 What are different variations among agencies to count crimes a Resources pressure to show increase or decrease in crime level of arrests SHOCAP look out for criminal juveniles community policing 33 Why was the Victim Survey originally formed a Originally to get dark figure of crime 34 When was the victim survey created By whom a 1973 Bureau of Census 35 In 2010 the Bureau of Census interviewed a 41K households b 73000 individuals c Every 6 months over 3 years d First interview in person then phone 36 True or False victimization is patterned not random a True 37 What info do we get from victim surveys window into who of Crime 38 Who is the most likely to be victimized by strangers a males 39 What are limitations for the NCVS a People may not know think is crime b Don t want to take time c Exaggeration under report b c embarrassment d Doesn t include crimes against businesses 40 What questions do self reports surveys answer a Who committed the crime 41 What are people s perceptions of reported crime a Relationship b t victim and offender weapons used location of the offense provide a The more crimes reported the most strongly influenced their perceptions on severity of crime vice versa when crimes aren t reported people are influenced to commit crimes If reported punishment is made aware people are less likely to repeat crime if not reported ut know punishment will commit crime b c think won t get caught i 42 What SES group doe self report surveys focus on and what is wrong with it a Low income but middle and upper income people commit the same types and amounts of crime CCJ3011 Chiricos a monitoring the Future annual survey approximately 50 thousand kids in 8th 10th and 12th grade 43 What are Advantages of Self Reports a Criminologists look at legal process b Ubiquity of crime 44 Disadvantages of Self reports Limited to juveniles usually Lie a b c Episodically not annual 45 What exception to self reports being episodic 46 What is empirical generalization and what does it include a Distribution of crime by age sex race and place 47 Relationships b t crime and age a Persistent b Looks at age and arrest 48 At what age does crime peak at and why does it decline a 18 19years old b Relationships and jobs commitment i Hershey s Attachment Theory ii Chance of losing stake in conformity 49 Who accounts for most crime a Males at 75 50 What is the problem w comparing crimes a Different methodologies in 1 state so different states would vary as well i Tourism population and climate affect it too 51 What are the concepts of crime as a choice a Choice alternatives b Values of alternatives i Benefits costs c Utility max of benefits d Rationality e Constraints on choice 52 Examples of Media emphasis on violent crime a John Benay Ramsey Casey Anthony Lacey Peterson 53 What is the
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