ISM 3003 Exam 2 Review Items in Red are specific questions he read from the test or topics he made a special note of in the review All other topics are ones he just said to know Appendix B Network two or more computers connected to each other so they can communicate and share info software peripheral devices and or processing power The cord that looks like a phone cord is an Ethernet or cat 5 cable Also known as twisted pair Dedicated high speed lines like T1 and DS3 connections are generally found in businesses not homes A broadband router or home router is a device to connect several computers together to share a DSL or cable internet connection in a home or small office Hub a device that connects computers together and passes messages by repeating all network transmissions to all other computers Only one computer on a hub can transmit at a time Inefficient because of high collisions Run shared networks Switch connects computers and passes messages by repeating each computer s transmission only to the intended recipient Several computers can communicate at once Run switched networks No collisions Ports run at full speed Routers pass network traffic between smaller subnetworks or subnets of a larger network They connect multiple networks of computers not just individual computers Local Area Network LAN covers a building or building in a close proximity i e university or business Defining characteristic is that the geographic area it serves is continuous Wide Area Network WAN a set of connected networks serving areas or building not in immediate proximity to each other A network of networks Metropolitan Area Network MAN Specific type of WAN that is a set of connected networks in the same city or metropolitan area The Domain Name Service or DNS is what translates the IP address of a site into the address we use such as www google com Bandwidth capacity of the communications medium The amount of info that a communications medium can transfer in a given amount of time Bandwidth is often referred to as the pipe between two locations Digital Subscriber Line DSL runs a high speed connection over a telephone line without interfering with the voice telephone service Cable Modem runs a high speed connection over a cable television line without interfering with TV connection Will slow down as more people use it in an area Satellite Modem runs a high speed connection through your cable TV satellite without interfering with TV connection Voice over IP VoIP allows you to send voice communications over the internet and avoid toll charges that you would normally receive from your long distance carrier Transmits telephone calls over a computer data network One central wire surrounded by insulation a metallic shield and a final case of insulating material is a Coaxial Cable A network that uses encryption to connect two networks and protect the confidentiality of all transmissions in a Virtual Private Network VPN Denial of Service DoS attack floods a server or network with so many request for a service that it slows down or crashes Secure Socket Layer SSL encrypts each network conversation between one network client and one server individually Uses https instead of http Chapter 4 Phases of Decision making 1 Intelligence Find or recognize the problem need or opportunity Detecting and interpreting signs of a situation that needs your attention 2 Design find fixes Consider possible ways of solving the problem filling the need or taking advantage of an opportunity 3 Choice pick a fix Examine a weigh merits of each solution estimate 4 consequences choose best option Implementation apply the fix Carry out chosen option monitor results make adjustments when necessary based on consequences of the solution Satisficing making a choice that meets your needs and is satisfactory without necessarily being the best choice available Recurring Decision one that happens repeatedly and often periodically whether weekly quarterly or monthly i e inventory how much to sell inventory for Nonrecurring or Ad Hoc one that you make infrequently or only once and you may even have different criteria for determining the best solution each time Decision Support System DSS highly flexible and interactive IT system that is designed to support decision making when the problem is not structured Doesn t make the decision just supports the decision maker with various tools Geographic Information System GIS is a DSS designed specifically to analyze spatial information anything that can be shown in map form i e roads Analyzes information quickly Combination of database and graphics technology A knowledge based system that diagnoses problems is an Expert System Intelligent Agent software that assist you or acts on your behalf in performing repetitive computer related task Information Agents intelligent agents that search for information of some kind and bring it back Buyer Agents of Shopping Bot intelligent agent on a website that helps the customer find products or services that they need i e Amazon showing you what else you might like Data Mining Agents operate in a data warehouse discovering information Look through data warehouses to find information that you can use to take action Biomimicry the concept of learning from ecosystems and adapting their characteristics to human and organizational situations Intelligence base on the collective effort of many agents is Swarm Intelligence Allows flexibility robustness decentralization and self organization Expert systems vs Genetic algorithms Algorithms find and evaluate all the possible solutions and produced the best one based on a formula Expert systems provide many solutions and give a confidence level of the successfulness for each one and let the user decide Artificial Neural Network ANN an artificial intelligence system that is capable of finding and differentiating patterns Can create new rules Chapter 5 Path to Profitability P2P is a formal business plan that outlines key business issues such as customer targets by demographics industry etc marketing strategies operations strategies production transportation logistics and projected targets for income statement and balance sheet items Major error of most dot com businesses in the nineties is that they had no P2P Business to Business B2B is the most lucrative Know Business to Consumer B2C Consumer to Business C2B and Consumer to Consumer C2C A link on a website that directs someone to another businesses website is an Affiliate