LATIN AMERICAN FINAL STUDY GUIDE Argentine Tango o Starts with African slaves prostitutes embrace it and used in brothels o Song lyrics were very dirty o Dry Law Agustin P Justo prohibit broadcasting of tango music or soap operas on the radio Caudillos rule by one o Autocracy o Personalismo o Machismo Brazilian independence care about person and personal loyal to them military skills sexual power o Portuguese Crown Relocates when Napoleon invades Portugal o Napoleon dies in 1821 so Crown go back to Portugal and colonies want independence o King Joao leaves his son in Brazil his son later declares Brazil an independent country o Pedro I abdicates to infant son Pedro II in 1831 but is too young Pedro brings Silva back Most important thing he does SLAVERY last to give it up o Pedro II is very sickly and has to take frequent trips back to Portugal for medical treatment So in one of his trip he too sick and he declares his daughter Isabelle his regency o The people revolt against Pedro II and overthrow the government 1891 Constitution o Although Brazilian independence was achieved through diplomacy the new nation still struggled in its first century of existence o The Portuguese Question if Pedro I loyalty was to Brazil or Portugal Everyone thought he was loyal to Portugal plagued Pedro I s reign as well as created lasting resentment in Brazil Monroe Doctrine warned European nations not to get involved in political matters in South America intended to show that US was the only country that could influence such political matters General Valeriano Weyler y Nicolau was the Spanish military head who fought against Arsenio Martinez Campos in Cuba o Put all the revolutionaries in Cuba in Reconcentration Camps Haitian Revolution o What leads to Revolution Trans Atlantic Slave Trade from the Kingdom of Kongo French Revolution of 1789 and the colony of St Domingue White people start a movement for Colonial Autonomy Amis des Noirs is a French society that support the freed people of color o Fighting for equality for free people of color o Slave Revolution in August 1791 on the Northern Plains The Pois Caiman Ceremony initiates the revolution The slaves came together because of this common religion Vodou o Toussaint Louverture drafts a Constitution in 1801 based on colonial autonomy Napoleon sees this as a threat o Napoleon sends Leclerc to the island to conquer the island bring back Louverture o Toussaint surrenders when Leclerc brings Toussaint s sons and uses him to coarse him o Dessalines is the new slave leader of the revolution Realizes that the colony can t be a French land to be able to be truly free Declares independence in 1804 France doesn t recognize this until 1825 o The combination of reforms the Haitian Revolution and European events created the necessary elements for widespread movements for independence in Latin America during the 19th century Positivism outside signs of advancements land imported European clothing Treaties of Velasco Texas is an independent country they exchange prisoners of war o Sam Houston was the first president of Texas Simon Bolivar o Heavily influenced by French Revolution Vow at Monte Sacro to liberate all of Latin America from Spain o Spanish colonies create juntas local governing council when Napoleon invades o Bolivar goes to London to ask for help and to Explain and justify revolution in Venezuela Wants recognition of legit revolution Britain doesn t want to do this Wants money and guns doesn t really support them o Puerto Cabello was Bolivar s big way to prove himself militarily A traitor in the fort releases the prisoners and they run Bolivar out of the fort o San Mateo Pact said the independence movement was over and the colonies are Spain s Bolivar captures Miranda and give him back to Spain for his past charges Bolivar flees to New Granada and asks for their support joins the Admirable Campaign o Second Republic Officially beats Spain in the Battle of Taguanes and Bolivar become the leader Jose Tomas Boves is now brought over from Spain to recruit cowboys creates Cavalries Llaneros Mixed African descent Attack Boilvar and Boves wins Bolivar goes back to New Granada o Gran Colombia 1819 in formed in the Congress of Angostura confederations of states o Pablo Morillo including Venezula Panama Ecuador Stalemate but eventually Bolivar wins when brings Africans on his side requests Bolivars help for Peru s independence is the Spanish commander that Bolivar goes against fight for 3 years o Jose de San Martin Bolivar isn t seen in a good light in Bolivia because he had absolute power president for life and voting is very restricted Bolivar resigns his presidency in 1829 and 1 year later he dies on tuberculosis Francisco de Miranda o Not happy with the Spanish monarchy so took refuge in the US o Wants to unite all of Latin America and wants an original Incan leader to rule Latin America o Invaded Venezuela 1806 and goes into exile in Spain o Meets Bolivar in London and goes back to Venezuela Debt peonage companies set up by Europeans that hire people who don t get paid in money o Pay them in vouchers to buy in their stores but never have enough to buy everything they need so they get into debt with the stores Endless cycle of debt o The elite are the management of these voucher cities Bicycle o Revolutionized dating and the social aspects of life in Latin America o Clothing and transportation also changed o Valuable to cover longer distances U S occupation of Cuba From 1899 1902 o The Platt Amendment allowed for US occupation until Cuba followed up on all the promises o Cuba pays for the US to be there o 3 Main goals of the US Make Cuba self governing Hard to accomplish because the US provided support to only certain candidates Also there were regulations on who could vote and who couldn t Cuba must repair all the destruction from the Spanish American War Absorb Cuba into the US economy Basically function as a state By the 1930 s 80 of all sugar production in Cuba was US profits Carlos Manuel de C spedes small Creole land owner who had slaves and produced crops o Slavery was not that vital to him o Educated in Spain including a Law Degrees involved in a antigovernment uprising o Flees to Cuba and arrested for making treason like statements about the uprising in Spain o Wants to start a revolution so frees his own slaves in 1868 to initiate the movement o Others are inspired and 35 people released their own slaves o Slaves were in the revolution from