Argentine Tango Originated from the slums of Buenos Aires Marked by nostalgia wistfulness melancholy homesickness Caudillos Rule by one autocracy Personalismo they were voted on personality rather than policies Machismo men on horseback with sexual power Patronage networks they gave gifts to friends so they wouldn t overthrow them Autocracy Belief of Rule by one Exhibited by Caudillos and still exhibited by neocolonialism Brazilian Independence Nicknamed Bloodless Independence King Joao of Portugal leaves Brazil due to Portuguese importance and leaves son Pedro in Brazil Pedro I declared Brazil an independent country Get British recognition in return for trade benefits Portugal wanted money Pedro II Abolished slave trade by law but slavery still exists due to economic dependence on slavery once again abolished in 1850 Pedro II got sick put her daughter Isabella in power and she abolished slavery all together Pedro II gets overthrown new constitution is formed Haitian Revolution Colony didn t want France giving orders Slave revolt involving Bois Caiman ceremony ritual French forced emancipation of slaves in all colonies Toussaint Louverture makes constitution eventually captured Dessalines declared independence Haiti couldn t be a part of France since France wanted to revert to slavery Amis De Noirs Friends of color people who are free that fought for white black equality to free colored people Movement in Paris Vincent Oge who organized an uprising in Grand Riviere was a member of this group Monroe Doctrine Stated that the US is the protector of the western hemisphere and allowed intervention into any country if deemed necessary General ValerianoWeyler Put revolutionaries Cubans in reconcentration camps Many people die nicknamed the butcher people died due to poor conditions not killed directly Toussaint Louverture Originally a Spanish creole slave After French freed slaves in all colonies he switched sides to Haiti for freedom Defeated the British for the French Declared by French as governor of the island shortly after he drafted a constitution for autonomy Napoleon sends in his brother LeClerc to reconquer the island Louverture eventually surrenders after coercion from LeClerc using Louverture s two sons Positivism Scientific way of showing that whites are superior better than others Ways of proving superiority involved owning land and dressing sophisticatedly Treaty of Velasco Treaty between Mexico and US stating Mexicans had to stay south of Rio Grande River forming the territorial boundaries for Texas Simon Bolivar Formed the republic Gran Colombia first union of countries in Latin America Became president of Venezuela and led it to independence along with independence for Ecuador and Bolivia Nicknamed El Libertador due to freeing of many people slaves countries Francisco de Miranda Nicknamed Le precursor Was a captain in the Spanish army bought his title British tried to take over Cuba but he fought against them Brought up on charges by Spain fled to the US Later returns Spain and stated that all Latin American countries should be united Got some support for this idea from Britain Debt Peonage Idea of neocolonialism that paid people in vouchers People went to sponsored stores to buy things with vouchers Created a continual cycle of debt elites didn t need to go into debt Bicycle Invention of the bicycle changed social norms in the following ways allowed for alone time of couples before women were not allowed to go alone on dates but on bicycles women could be alone with a man Women s clothing changed appropriately dresses now allowed for pedaling US Occupation of Cuba Three goals make Cuba self governing repair damage from the Spanish American war and fully involve Cuba into the US economy Platt Amendment Gave Cuba independence but US would always hover over them Cuba couldn t make treaties with other countries Cuba had to grant land to US for military bases coal stations Cuba is required to improve sanitation The Platt Amendment had to be in the Cuban Constitution Carlos Manuel de Cespedes Freed all of his slaves to help with the Cuban Revolution against Spain 35 landowners also free their slaves in response this leads to a force of 12 000 slaves under Cespedes for the revolution Neocolonialism Began with the depression in 1870 Allowed for foreign aid belief that outside help would be better than recreating the government US built railroads in Latin America not for transportation but for trade Required US and Britain to build ports Need for people to make weapons for others during WWI Nationalism replaced neocolonialism in the 30 s Jose Tomas Boves Number one enemy of Bolivar and Venezuela Went on to defeat him Recruited cowboys llaneros mainly black recruited by saying they can get revenge on whites and take their land Group was called Legion of Hell Miguel Hidalgo First revolutionary leader for Mexican Independence Formed attack which led to the name Grito de Delores All white people killed even white allies were killed Abolished slavery and outlawed Indian Tribute Marched on Mexico City with 60 000 marched using Guerrilla tactics Spanish army pushed them back and Hidalgo gets captured eventually replaced by Jose Maria Morelos Mexican War of Reform War between conservatives wanting to keep things the same and liberals wanting new rule with more freedoms Conservatives invited help from Spanish and the liberals invited help from the British French Empire in Mexico Napoleon III decides to take over Mexico but had to stay in France so he put Maximilian as his representative to do the job Cinco de Mayo unlikely win for Mexicans in a battle against the French France gets distracted by the Franco Prussian war and moves out of Mexico Filibustering In Texas Americans sought to win land through fighting wars with other people Aaron Burr thought he could take Texas by going through Louisiana he thought the US would back him up but the US didn t and he failed Santeria Has urban origins but not plantation based Combo of African religion and Christianity Cuban fugitive slave law Returned runaway slaves and slaves had to be taught Christianity which was supposed to stop them from running away Allowed to work on holidays worked 24 7 because of sugar Good Government law masters were given power over slaves religion and had to be educated to educate their slaves and government is hands off Vincent Oge Member of the Amis des Noir Denied right to vote in colonial elections Organized an