END TO SPANISH NORTH AMERICAN FRONTIERSPANISH-AMERICAN & MEXICAN-AMERICAN DISPUTES- Anglo-American immigration into the Spanish N. American frontier, coupled with Manifest Destiny, led to US usurpation of former Spanish lands- Latin American independence movements had weakened the Spanish military forces in the Americas- After the US incorporated Spanish N. American into its boundaries, Americans began to see themselves as the protectors of the Western hemisphere- Texaso Filibustering: military adventuresome; people who have military background who like to fight in war Private military Privately funded Only get spoils if they win Erin Burr is a famous American who decides he wants to invade Mexico- Thinks that if he goes into Mexico as a filibuster and US will come to his aid and take over Mexico- Fails and is forced to go in front of Congress o Empresarios: given permission by the country who they are helping (started by Moses F. Austin and is succeeded by son Stephen) Create a colony within a colony If Stephen was going to work in Mexico, he had to swear allegiance to Mexico - Started tension- Stephen Brings 20,000 colonists- Texas has 3,000 Mexicans in Texas  Empresarios want to grow crops in this land (bring their slaves), but Mexico doesn’t like slavery o Law of April 6, 1830: puts a limit on the amount of immigrants that can live in Mexico o Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna becomes the leader of Mexico (1833) Extremely loyal to Mexico Send military forces to Texas just in case things get out of hand and need to capture the people that haven’t sworn allegiance to Mexico  Sends Martin Perfector de Cos as military leader in Texas - 500 Mexican troops lands at Copano Bay to capture the people who didn’t swear Mexican allegiances- Stephen organizes his own soldiers to face the Mexican military- Starts the waro Convention of 1836 Want slavery to be allowed in Texas Want the immigration limit gone Sam Houston is the US military leadero BattlesAlamo (originally presidio, but really just a mission)- March 1836- Mexico wins- Texas soldiers flee to San Jacinto—followed by the Mexican army  San Jacinto - Sam Houston leads a surprise attack and captures Santa Anna- Texas wins- Negotiates 2 treaties:o Treaties of Velasco: Texas is an independent country; they exchange prisoners of war Same Houston was the first president of Texaso A secret treaty was formed about Santa Anna He could be released, but Santa Anna must recognize Texas as an independent country (doesn’t do this when he goes back to Mexico)o Texas asks the US for annexation (US didn’t accept in 1836-1845) James K. Polk decided to annex them in 1846- Mexican-American War (1846-1848)o James K. Polk was interested in annexing Texas and other western lands He sends Zachary Taylor to the disputed borders to provoke the Mexicans, causing them to attack firsto John Slidel was interested in California and Mexico so he goes to Mexico to take it by force in 1847 The main reason for this is because of Taylor’s successo Taylor is defeated in his first battle and retreats and followed by the Mexican armyo He is ultimately victorious due to more force, land and water Winfield Scott came in by water and Taylor takes the lando The Treaty of Guadelope-Hidalgo ends the war Mexico gives up Utah, Colorado, New Mexico and Texas Reaffirms that the Rio Gande is the border US has to pay 15 million - Spanish-American War (1898)o Platt Amendment: Ciba gets independence from Spain  US helps in the Treaty of Paris and states that Cuba must put this in their constitution- Cuba cannot negotiate/sign international treaties- Grant pieces of land to the US for military bases and coaling stations- Cuba is required to improve sanitation Makes Cuba a protectorate of the US for 35