CPO 3101 Exam 1 1 29 12 3 37 PM The following is a list of the major treaties and attempted treaties in the EU s history For each treaty identify the main elements of the treaties why these elements were included and others not what the preferences of the relevant countries were and why and what if any hurdles to ratification and implementation existed Treaty of Paris 1951 o Established o Countries The 6 European Coal and Steel Community France Germany Belgium Netherlands Luxemburg o Created a community of Coal and Steel Because Products used to build tanks military products By creating a single market in coal and steel it would give French control of military equipment control in Germany o Institutions of the ECSC The High Authority The Counsel The Common Assembly The Court of Justice Treaty of Maastricht 1992 o Established Established the EU and included a major reform of the Treaty Establishing the European Economic Community and renamed it the Treaty Establishing the European Community o The Pillar Structure 3 parts 1st Pillar Supranational European Community with European Monetary Union Single Market economic community monetary union added Economic cooperation high degree of integration Intergovernmental CFSP 2nd Pillar Common foreign security policy however it was entirely intergovernmental No power to parliament or commission Semi Intergovernmental JHA 3rd pillar Justice and Home Affairs Police cooperation voting rights civil liberties social Social Policy some things like labor policy countries could opt out o Multispeed Europe policy on EMU opt outs o Created Expanded EU competence education issues o Countries Necessary largely because of Britain Denmark Sweden Allowed to opt out if they want Justice and Home Affairs police cooperation environmental Ireland and France Ratified Denmark rejected Denmark re voted British ratified would not go with EMU German legal proceedings The Constitution Treaty of Rome 1957 o Elements The Commission replaced High Authority European Parliament became The Counsel Court of Justice and Common Assembly remained o Established o Countries European Economic Community European Atomic Energy Community France was the only country that was excited about European Atomic Compromise to win French support for the EEC Monnet wanted to start integration slow and then more integration would happen in other Energy Community areas o Reformed the Treaty Establishing the European Community and the Treaty on o Latest in a long series of reforms of the original treaties on which the EU is Treaty of Amsterdam 1997 European Union Treaty of Lisbon 2007 built Single European Act 1986 Treaty of Nice 2001 o Reformed the Treaty Establishing the European Economic Community o Reformed the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty Establishing the European Community renaming it the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union The following is a list of the enlargements to the EU Who joined and refused to join in each wave Why Why did these enlargements occur when they did and what were the hurdles to and effects of these enlargements First Enlargement 1973 o Countries Following countries added to the First 6 Britain Denmark Ireland Norway declines to join o EFTA Enlargement 1959 o Countries Austria Denmark Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland o EC member states rejected an early EFTA overture for some kind of economic association resolving instead to continue with closer integration This proved so successful that Britain soon applied for EC membership leaving EFTA in the lurch Mediterranean Enlargements o Countries Greece 1981 Portugal 1986 Spain 1986 o Why were they considered to join Democratic Transitions in all three countries NATO allies Capitalist systems o Hurdles Three were poorer states Standards of products are lower Had a moral obligation to help the countries Broader v Deeper debate More members or deeper integration with the members you have Britain wanted a broader EU not a deeper one Deeper meant integration in more areas Spain and France Spain had a large agriculture sector which would be in competition with France Took a while for France and Spain to get their differences Eastern Enlargements corrected Why did the EU form and why did it form in the way that did In other words who were the original members and why and what were the early attempts at integration focused on Original Members The 6 o Belgium o France o Germany o Italy o Luxemburg o Netherlands Early Attempts o Following the end of WWII there were many economic problems o Coal and Steel Community was important to the countries o France wanted to ensure that Germany would not get powerful enough again o Needed to find a new way to control Germany that would not lead to another and attack war Treaty of Versailles What role did the Cold War and its end have on European integration What role did the U S play Role of the Cold War threat o There was a need to rebuild Germany militarily and unite against a common Best way to defend against a strong USSR attack was to build up a strong Germany Role of the US o The Marshall Plan Foreign Aid program designed to rebuild Western Europe wanted to use this money as an attempt to get everyone to work together Create an organization to distribute the money out to the countries non profit organization Combat the spread of communism rebuild a war devastated region remove trade barriers modernize industry and make Europe prosperous again How and why did the pace of integration change over time What were the main stumbling blocks to further integration during the slow times and the main drivers of integration during the fast times Why did some forms of integration occur quicker than others Pace of Integration o Monnet believed that if integration started slow and focused in one area that it would eventually progress to other areas and would take place at a quicker pace o Through a series of Treaties ending with the Treaty of Lisbon the original idea of integration was realized Stumbling Blocks o European Monetary Union A lot of countries especially Britain were concerned about losing their currency o European Atomic Energy Community France was the only country that was for this They wanted to have the ability to control Germany so that the Germans would not get the idea to attack them again Main Drivers o Monnet reconstruction of France o De Gaulle more integration Speed of Integration o In general many of the countries did not agree on all aspects of