Exam 3 Study Guide Vision Questions Vision I 1 The crystalline lens is used for 2 Light rays from objects over 20 ft away are 3 Ciliary muscle connected to lens by 4 Irregular crystallins cause 5 What absorbs extraneous light 6 What does the vitreous humor do 7 What is emmetriopia 8 Another word for Myopia Eyeball too long Negative lenses 9 Another word for Hyperopia Eyeball too short Positive lenses Can correct if young 10 Cornea not spherical You have 11 Fundus includes what 3 things 12 How many rods are there Cones 13 Which has more spatial summation rods or cones 14 There are more cones than M cones About 7 of cones are S cones 15 Snake IR detected by 16 Thermal Imaging A generates electric impulses Vision II 17 Lamella in outer segment layer of membrane containing 18 What 2 things make up a visual pigment 19 chromophore that absorbs light releases energy 20 protein whose structure determines the wavelength it responds to 21 Depolarization occurs in Na entering releasing glutamate inhibiting bipolar cells 22 Bipolar cells disinhibited in Rhodopsin absorbs photon retinal released binds G protein activating 2nd messenger hyperpolarize 23 used for lateral inhibition 24 Ganglion cells respond best to of light of particular size filter editing Sensitive to Differ in the size of their 25 Size of receptive field in fovea In periphery 26 Do ganglion cells fire if there s no light 27 How many ganglion cells are there 28 Sunlight to dark room become much more sensitive than Cone threshold decreases cones adapt quickly but not much 29 Photobleaching used to detect a photon 30 Can ganglion cells be classified by their location on the retina 31 Dark depolarization of Glutamate inhibitory 32 Light depolarization of excitatory neurotransmitter Vision III 33 Optic nerve projects to also hypothalamus midbrain 34 After LGN thalamus goes to 35 Orienting tectospinal tract sensory map occur in 36 responsible for circadian rhythms goes to pineal gland Gets info from specialized ganglion cells 37 Both the striate cortex and LGN have 38 More for fovea than periphery cortical magnification 39 blind spot in both eyes due to tumor or macular degeneration 40 Receptive fields in striate cortex are Also prefer 1 eye and where 41 Simple complex or hypercomplex 1 Width 2 Motion orientation end stopping edges corners borders 3 Motion orientation 4 Linear 5 Orientation 6 Edge detector 7 Stripe detector 42 High contrast part of visual field Low contrast part of visual field 43 Striate cortex arranged in 44 A hypercolumn has how many sets of columns 45 What are 5 visual qualities that matter to striate cortex 46 In humans columns need how much experience time In cats monkeys 47 less acuity in one eye Cannot be fixed L Vision IV 48 Grouping rules trumps good continuation 49 when visual regions are discontinuous not only in space but over time 50 Texture grouping can be based on similar 51 trump proximity 52 Feature demon Primary visual cortex Cognitive demon Decision demon Object recognition inferior temporal cortex 53 Perception by committee multiple committees each looking for a particular pattern name 3 examples of these patterns 54 each committee feature demon cognitive demon group of neurons is looking for its preferred stimulus at the same time 55 Ambiguous figure 2 demons shout equally loudly 56 True or false ONE retinal image gives rise to MULTIPLE perceptions The perception is greater than the sum of the sensation 57 Is sensation active or passive What about perception 58 Accidental Viewpoint viewing position that makes some in the visual image that is NOT present in the real world Like the sides of 2 independent objects lined up perfectly Moving just a little destroys the illusion 59 Middle Vision How do we know if it s figure and not ground 8 answers 60 2 D edges tell you about or occlusion borders 61 Middle vision after and before before object recognition at inferotemporal gyrus 62 Cells get more picky when moving away from 63 Extrastriate for viewing 64 for viewing motion 65 Is recognizing objects w geons and by components enough 66 Type of object recognitions Animal Bird GEONS Cardinal 67 When shown atypical member of a category name more slow or fast 68 Does the process that recognizes a face care about distortion inversion 69 Cannot identify faces damage to Vision V 70 Hue can be described as 71 More cause more brightness 72 TV s and computers use adding more cones with each wavelength 73 Wavelengths green and red create the color 74 are univariant give 1 piece of info firing rate intensity wavelength Therefore when it comes to seeing color the output of 1 photoreceptor is totally ambiguous 75 The problem of univariance explains 76 Do rods have small or large receptive fields What about cones 77 Are cones rapid or slow Are rods rapid or slow 78 L M cones give good indication of since not many S cones anyway 79 Cone response is integrated by ganglion cells then cells then cells using center surround with opposing colors 80 appears like same color under different illuminants we make assumptions 81 Metamer different of wavelengths that look identical 82 of men and of women colorblind 83 hard to tell red from green have blue yellow vision 84 very rare blue color blindness Green sky 85 3 cone pigments but 2 are very similar experience world like people w only 2 photopigments 86 black white world only 1 cone 87 missing cones 88 cannot perceive color CORTEX 89 cannot name colors 90 Does the retina adhere to Euclidian geometry 91 Having 2 eyes lets us see degrees 92 basis for perception of the 3 Dness of world cannot with monocular vision 93 Name 7 monocular depth cues 94 Is the occlusion cue metrical or nonmetrical 95 Height below the horizon objects higher in the receptive field appear to be 96 Texture relative relative 97 based on fact that items of the same size form smaller images when they are farther 98 Linear perspective lines that are in a 3D world will appear to in a 2D image as they extend into distance 99 apparent point at which parallel lines receding in depth converge 100 Motion parallex images farther away from the observer seem to move across the visual field than closer images 101 Name 3 examples of METRICAL more accurate cues 102 Process by which the eye changes it s accommodation 103 2 eyes turn inwards close objects 104 2 eyes turn outwards far objects Vision VI Part 2 105 points on the retina of each eye where the retinal images of a single object are formed at the same distance
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