S & P TEST 2 QUESTIONSTOUCH INTRO1) _______ = the perception of the position (WHERE) & movement of our limbs in space 2) _______ = perception mediated by kinesthetic & vestibular receptors3) In premature babies, touch has (+) effects on _______, _______, & _______. 4) Area of brain for movement = _______.5) Where are touch receptors (2 places)?6) _______ = knowledge of the world that comes from sensory receptors in skin, muscles, tendons, & joints. Action for perception (Later… perception for action). 7) Anesthetize skin (_______ receptors work, _______ receptors don’t) subject can’t maintain stable grasp of objects they must manipulate8) Preattentive feature detection: you can _______ before using selective attention to identify a particular feature. No need to _______; some features just “pop out”9) Haptic recognition relies on _______, not _______. Good for handling objects to identify them. Opposite visual system, which would be good at horizontal vs vertical.10) Can haptic field of view “read” more than 1 finger at a time?11) Very sensitive area of body = small & densely packed _______ = more cortical area processing touch from that area12) Meissner & Pacinian: _______ Action Pot. = rapidly adapting. Merkel & Ruffini: _______ AP = slowly adapting 13) Pacnian corpuscle (RAPIDLY adapting): only _______ or _______ force can deflect membrane channels become leaky to _______ receptor potential. 14) Merkel receptor = _______ & _______ perception. 15) Meissner = _______ frequency vibration & _______ across skin. RAPIDLY adapting.16) Receptors with _______ receptive fields are closest to skin surface. (Merkel & Meissner).- Of those, 1 is rapidly adapting; other is slowly adapting.17) Which are deeper? Warm receptors or cold receptors?18) What is the normal skin temp (range)? Thermoreceptors respond to changes. 19) _______ channels = non selective cation channels in cell membrane. How many of these do we have for temp (all different)? 20) _______ convey rate at which muscle fibers are changing in length. Fires upon _______ of a muscle. Reflex leads to CONTRACTION of muscle.21) _______ stretch reflex: muscle contracts in response to its being quickly stretched. Too fast for brain involvement. Involves (with 1 synapse btwn them):1) sensory port of a _______ motor neuron (la and II afferents) and 1) _______ motor neuron - Knee jerk reflex, hamstrings (standing)22) _______ = Used as a reflex when something too heavy causes a muscle to relax23) Touch receptors _______ brain 24) Cuneate nucleus = _______ half of body. Gracile nucleus = _______ half of body.25) _______ = know what something is by touching it.26) Mechanoreceptors _______ thalamus cortex27) Info regarding _______ & _______ stimuli takes a separate pathway to the brain: spinothalamic tract.28) The _______ nerve joins medial lemniscus/STT.- General sensory… & conveys info from stretch receptors from chewing muscles.29) _______ gets info from medial lemniscus & STT (via thalamus). Then S2 association cortex30) Stimulation of S1 – contralateral _______, _______31) Somatosensory association cortex DORSAL = _______. Somatosensory association cortex VENTRAL = _______.32) S1 is important for:- Position sense- _______- 2-point discrimination- Sterognosis- Graphestheia- _______- Perception of _______ stimuli- Pereption of _______33) Sporadic activity in _______ can cause perception of missing limb. 34) When blindfolded for 5 days, activity in _______ decreased; activity in _______ (primary visual cortex) increased. Visual cortex started processing somatosensory info. Plasticity!35) _______ = inability to identify objects by touch (damage to _______). - Woman couldn’t identify objects explored by her right hand, but COULD if explored by left hand or visually (damage to left parietal lobe).- She could gather info even w/ impaired hand but couldn’t go from perception to what that perception represented.36) Haptic object localization: needs a _______ (for coordinated system used to define locations in space). The center of the frame is the _______37) _______ (TOP-DOWN) control = if you know you will be touched somewhere, youvoluntarily direct you attention to that place._______ (BOTTOM-UP) control: reflexive direction of attention to abrupt stimulus38) Experiment worst performance: touch stimulus _______ but visual/auditory stimulus presented instead39) Experiment When bar height diff. btwn vision & touch, perceived height falls somewhere in the MIDDLE, w/ _______ weighted more heavily.- However, if visual cues made less reliable more weight given to _______40) Lego experiment: VISION vs TOUCH– _______ modality as learning took place recognized best if presented in same orientation– _______ modality from learning recognized best if orientation was reversed 180°41) _______ = can read Braille. determine location & orientation of slot on head of screw; report feeling “pressure” (TEXTURE PERCEPTION)_______ = When something 1st touches skin, or when it also touches something else; single fiber stim. “buzz” (HIGH FREQ. VIBRATION DETECTION)_______ = Movement across the skin. Single fiber stimulation “wobble” or “flutter” (LOW FREQ. VIBRATION DETECTION)_______ = Grasp an object, like a mug; more than 1 fiber must be stimulated to perceive touch (FINGER POSITION, STABLE GRASP)42) Merkel receptors: only known somatosensory receptor that isn’t part of a _______. - _______ adapting, _______ receptive field. 1 fiber braches & synapses w/ many Merkel cells.- Basal layer of _______ of hairy & glabrous skin43) Meissner corpuscle: in glabrous skin _______ epidermis. _______ receptive field. - _______ adapting. - When does it fire APs?- Thin outer capsule w/ stack of _______ within capsule- Abundant in _______ - Good for _______44) Pacinian corpuscle: Where? _______- _______ receptive field; _______ adapting- Layers of thin epithelial cells w/ _______ btwn layers- When does it fire APs?- Bad for _______; good for _______ OR _______45) Ruffini endings: In _______ & _______.- _______ receptive field. _______ adapting.- Capsule traversed by strands of _______ connective tissue- Tension applied to one or both _______- Respond to _______46) Find key with _______. Grasp key with _______. Grasp harder with inserting into lock _______. Know when hit end of key hole with _______.47) Muscle spindles detect _______/_______. When the muscle is
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