S & P TEST 2 QUESTIONS TOUCH INTRO 1) _______ = the perception of the position (WHERE) & movement of our limbs in space 2) _______ = perception mediated by kinesthetic & vestibular receptors 3) In premature babies, touch has (+) effects on _______, _______, & _______. 4) Area of brain for movement = _______. 5) Where are touch receptors (2 places)? 6) _______ = knowledge of the world that comes from sensory receptors in skin, muscles, tendons, & joints. Action for perception (Later… perception for action). 7) Anesthetize skin (_______ receptors work, _______ receptors don’t) à subject can’t maintain stable grasp of objects they must manipulate 8) Preattentive feature detection: you can _______ before using selective attention to identify a particular feature. No need to _______; some features just “pop out” 9) Haptic recognition relies on _______, not _______. Good for handling objects to identify them. Opposite visual system, which would be good at horizontal vs vertical. 10) Can haptic field of view “read” more than 1 finger at a time? 11) Very sensitive area of body = small & densely packed _______ = more cortical area processing touch from that area 12) Meissner & Pacinian: _______ Action Pot. = rapidly adapting. Merkel & Ruffini: _______ AP = slowly adapting 13) Pacnian corpuscle (RAPIDLY adapting): only _______ or _______ force can deflect membrane à channels become leaky to _______ à receptor potential. 14) Merkel receptor = _______ & _______ perception. 15) Meissner = _______ frequency vibration & _______ across skin. à RAPIDLY adapting. 16) Receptors with _______ receptive fields are closest to skin surface. (Merkel & Meissner). • Of those, 1 is rapidly adapting; other is slowly adapting. 17) Which are deeper? Warm receptors or cold receptors? 18) What is the normal skin temp (range)? Thermoreceptors respond to changes. 19) _______ channels = non selective cation channels in cell membrane. How many of these do we have for temp (all different)? 20) _______ convey rate at which muscle fibers are changing in length. Fires upon _______ of a muscle. Reflex leads to CONTRACTION of muscle. 21) _______ stretch reflex: muscle contracts in response to its being quickly stretched. Too fast for brain involvement. Involves (with 1 synapse btwn them): 1) sensory port of a _______ motor neuron (la and II afferents) and 1) _______ motor neuron • Knee jerk reflex, hamstrings (standing) 22) _______ = Used as a reflex when something too heavy causes a muscle to relax 23) Touch receptors à _______ à brain 24) Cuneate nucleus = _______ half of body. Gracile nucleus = _______ half of body. 25) _______ = know what something is by touching it. 26) Mechanoreceptors à _______ à thalamus à cortex27) Info regarding _______ & _______ stimuli takes a separate pathway to the brain: spinothalamic tract. 28) The _______ nerve joins medial lemniscus/STT. • General sensory… & conveys info from stretch receptors from chewing muscles. 29) _______ gets info from medial lemniscus & STT (via thalamus). Then à S2 à association cortex 30) Stimulation of S1 – contralateral _______, _______ 31) Somatosensory association cortex DORSAL = _______. Somatosensory association cortex VENTRAL = _______. 32) S1 is important for: • Position sense • _______ • 2-point discrimination • Sterognosis • Graphestheia • _______ • Perception of _______ stimuli • Pereption of _______ 33) Sporadic activity in _______ can cause perception of missing limb. 34) When blindfolded for 5 days, activity in _______ decreased; activity in _______ (primary visual cortex) increased. Visual cortex started processing somatosensory info. Plasticity! 35) _______ = inability to identify objects by touch (damage to _______). • Woman couldn’t identify objects explored by her right hand, but COULD if explored by left hand or visually (damage to left parietal lobe). • She could gather info even w/ impaired hand but couldn’t go from perception to what that perception represented. 36) Haptic object localization: needs a _______ (for coordinated system used to define locations in space). The center of the frame is the _______ 37) _______ (TOP-DOWN) control = if you know you will be touched somewhere, you voluntarily direct you attention to that place. _______ (BOTTOM-UP) control: reflexive direction of attention to abrupt stimulus 38) Experiment à worst performance: touch stimulus _______ but visual/auditory stimulus presented instead 39) Experiment à When bar height diff. btwn vision & touch, perceived height falls somewhere in the MIDDLE, w/ _______ weighted more heavily. • However, if visual cues made less reliable à more weight given to _______ 40) Lego experiment: VISION vs TOUCH – _______ modality as learning took place à recognized best if presented in same orientation – _______ modality from learning à recognized best if orientation was reversed 180° 41) _______ = can read Braille. determine location & orientation of slot on head of screw; report feeling “pressure” (TEXTURE PERCEPTION) _______ = When something 1st touches skin, or when it also touches something else; single fiber stim. à “buzz” (HIGH FREQ. VIBRATION DETECTION)_______ = Movement across the skin. Single fiber stimulation à “wobble” or “flutter” (LOW FREQ. VIBRATION DETECTION) _______ = Grasp an object, like a mug; more than 1 fiber must be stimulated to perceive touch (FINGER POSITION, STABLE GRASP) 42) Merkel receptors: only known somatosensory receptor that isn’t part of a _______. • _______ adapting, _______ receptive field. 1 fiber braches & synapses w/ many Merkel cells. • Basal layer of _______ of hairy & glabrous skin 43) Meissner corpuscle: in glabrous skin _______ epidermis. _______ receptive field. • _______ adapting. • When does it fire APs? • Thin outer capsule w/ stack of _______ within capsule • Abundant in _______ • Good for _______ 44) Pacinian corpuscle: Where? _______ • _______ receptive field; _______ adapting • Layers of thin epithelial cells w/ _______ btwn layers • When does it fire APs? • Bad for _______; good for _______ OR _______ 45) Ruffini endings: In _______ & _______. • _______ receptive field. _______ adapting. • Capsule traversed by strands of _______ connective tissue • Tension applied to one or both _______ • Respond to _______ 46)
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