Test Review Hawaii 1 There will be a short answer 5 pt question on this The question will state This is a traditional Hawaiian instrument What is this instrument called Describe in detail how it is made how it is played how it sounds and its musical purpose Where was this instrument seen in class being played recently A five point answer to this question should look something like This is the ipu or ipu hula It is a drumlike instrument made by joining two pear shaped gourds of large size It is put together to form a figure 8 shape with an opening made in upper end of smaller gourd for sound to exit It is held so that the smaller gourd is on top of the larger gourd when played The base of it can be struck against to the ground while the player holds it or it can be struck with force by the hand Its tone is of low intensity Its purpose is that it was used to mark time and emphasize rhythm We saw this instrument being played at the 2014 Merrie Monarch festival in the men s hula which was accompanied by kumu hula La akea Perry s mele see number 15 of the test review to watch this video clip 2 Five points will also go to the diagramming of the traditional Hawaiian social structure prior to American arrival Hawaiian names of each social level will be given to you You will have the Hawaiian terms for the test but then you must diagram them in order I will want you to draw something like the triangle below and fill it in as I have done translate the terms to what they mean to us in English Ali i nui ruling chief Ali i nobles Kahuna priests Konohiki land stewards Maka ainana commoners 3 Ten points will be given for labeling the following instruments terms will be given some will be easy to remember but you will need to label each correctly Slack key guitar Ukelele Born in Honolulu Hawaii with Japanese heritage this is Jake Shimabakuro a virtuoso in ukulele http www youtube com watch v gJJ3aDif5A If you want to have your socks knocked off check out this ukulele lesson by Jake who was discovered and made a legend by his early You Tube videos He is the top recognized Ukulele player today Go to the 5 minute mark and play on from there to be blown away http www youtube com watch v j at nglL3M Uli uli Hawaiian nose flute Ohe Hano Ihu Here s Bobby Ingano playing Sleepwalk on lap steel guitar http www youtube com watch v xdTa9MzgF6s Hawaiian lap steel If you re interested in how this drum is made here is a link http www primitiveways com puniu continued html Puniu coconut knee drum Pahu The rejuvenation of this ancient instrument and Hawaiian musical tradition http www youtube com watch v Hl0xone6zTw Papa hehi Kala au Ipu hokiokio gourd nose whistle The final 20 points of this test will be on multiple choice questions 4 Hawaiians are thought to have arrived from Tahiti or from other Polynesian islands settled prior to Hawaii s initial settlement Polynesia literally means many islands and this region includes native peoples from Hawaii Tahiti Cook Islands Samoa Tonga New Zealand and Easter Island Hawaiians are the only ones in this group living north of the equatorial line 5 The earliest of Hawaiian history is recorded in what we call Oral traditions 6 The Kukui nut tree is Hawaii s state tree and its nut and kernels are used for shampoos fuel for lighting dyes as a play toy a top spicing Inamona and as modern necklaces Historically the kukui nut necklace was reserved for nobles to wear only 7 Hawaiians had a strong trade network among the islands and even with distant nations who recognized them as their own sovereignty well before Europeans and Americans arrived there 8 In the late 1700s firearms became available to Hawaiians as a result of Captain Cook s visit there and following that they were the major trade commodity coming into the islands 9 King Kamehameha I united the Hawaiian Islands under one ruler with his army of 15 000 soldiers He had strong relations with the other islands and his army was armed with guns though Kamehameha had strong mana and peacefully united the islands 10 Sandalwood was a main trade commodity often exchanged with China for the making of Chinese fans 11 Hawaiians judged their king s strength on the basis of their mana and their ability to retain that mana Mana can be represented by actual bodily stature and size A larger bodied ruler would reasonably have more mana 12 Nobles were able to become chiefs dependent on their status in hunting community and sometimes war Chiefdom was not inherited but rather earned and this was attributed to the amount of mana one had and his ability to maintain that mana without it abandoning him 13 Chanting or mele was often used in ceremonies and to recite genealogies including the king s geneology King Kalakau also known as the Merrie Monarch restored this tradition during his reign 14 Mele accompanies hula and hula is a dance technique where hand and body movements tell a story 15 A master hula teacher and mele chanter is called a kumu hula This mele is performed by La akea Perry and with hula by the halau Ke Kai O Kahiki This is O Brian Eselu s former halau and frequent all around champions of the Merrie Monarch festival http www youtube com watch v rlv KT8KQ6o 16 The Kukaniloko Birthstones location is where the nobles gave birth to their children with much public ceremony surrounding the event The preservation of these stones as a historic landmark and the knowledge of public ceremonial traditions surrounding birth lends to the importance of retaining genealogical records through oral and musical traditions in Hawaii 17 During the 1820s many Hawaiians who were suffering from disease were promised everlasting life by the Calvinists so they converted to Christianity Queen Ka ahumanu who became the ruler after her husband s King Kamehameha s death in 1819 allowed this transition from culturally significant religions to European religions as she abolished the taboo and indigenous rituals and announced Christianity as the official religion She also adopted western dress styles and encouraged missionary activities During her rule in line with western policies on land ownership land rights were granted to individuals missionaries who now occupied priest and sometimes nobility positions These people could sell their properties to foreign investors 18 King Kalakaua signed the initial Reciprocity Treaty 1880 under quite a bit of US coersion then renewed it seven years later 1887 ultimately giving the US access to use the Pearl River