BRING COMPUTER AND PHOTO ID. 7:30am WENIGER 151Processors• Transistors: smallest piece of the hardware• Integrated Circuit⁃ faster, more reliable, cheaper, helped us move along to the size of our devices today⁃ There are thousands of TRANSISTORS on integrated circuits• Central Processing Unit (CPU): ⁃ The BRAIN of the computer⁃ where all the processing occurs⁃ we will not have to know what CPU stands for on a test⁃ also known as a microprocessor• Multi-Core Processor⁃ figured out ways to connect processors to get 2-3x more power• Moore's Law⁃ The number of transistors on a chip will double every two years • Multiprocessing⁃ Hooking up more than 1 computer to increase productivity• Motherboard⁃ All of the electronic circuit are either directly hardwired on to the motherboard or attached in some other way⁃ The traffic coppers grand central• Buses⁃ Motherboards communicate through these⁃ The transportation of information⁃ External buses, system buses⁃ There is either wires on the motherboard that connect all the parts or they are connected through a bus• Machine Cycle⁃ CPU:1) Fetch2) Decode (control unit)3) Execute (ALU)4) Store (either temp. or permanent; memory)• Storage⁃ Random Access Memory (RAM)Stored in the motherboard, can easily be replaced, addedConsider RAM to be a bucket, and everything that your computer needs to perform it's task needs to be in the bucket at the time that your computer needs it to function, so things are constantly being swapped in and out of the bucketWhen your computer freezes, that means too many things are in the bucket and so the computer doesn't know what to do, it's confusedIf your computer is running too slowly, it is a memory problem, so add more RAM⁃ Video MemoryThere is special memory for just video so the throughput is more efficient. Music and video needs a lot of memory because of the graphics⁃ Read Only Memory (ROM)Cannot be changed, hardwired onto the motherboard, factory installed, won't work quitePlace the computer goes to look for how to do thingsThe start up procedure "I've been woken up, what do I do?"Booting up your device accesses ROM⁃ Magnetic StorageThe method by which the info is stored through magnetic propertiesIt is more permanent than RAM, but not as stable as optical storageRAM is volatile (meaning unstable) CLICKER QROM is permanent⁃ Optical StorageLight beams create thisLong term, permanentCD's was the firstNow DVD's and BluRay⁃ Solid-State StorageMore stable than anything else we have just talked about because it uses transistors and does not have moving partsFlash drives, really small and fits in the palm of your handThe key has been making it smaller but still efficient⁃ Cloud StorageThis is very newInstead of storing the information on your device, you store your information on the internet, on an outside serverExposed to hackers, may not always be available (no internet connection, etc.)It is a great backup⁃ Input/Output (I/O)Input is how we communicate with the deviceThe three basic input devices are: keyboard, mouse, microphoneGeneral purpose input deviceTouch screenSpecial purpose input devicedevices that can only do 1 thing, i.e. barcode scanner, video game controllerOutput deviceThree basic: monitor, speakers, printerVideo CardIntegrated onto the motherboard directlyDisplay19" display means corner to corner on the screenPrinterMost common are inkjet or lazerjetImpact and dot matrix printers were from a long time agoImpact printers are needed for multiple copiesAudio and Special Media OutputMusic ringtone, vibrateExpansion CardsHelp you increase the capabilities of your laptop or deviceREVIEW QUESTIONS:1. Computers need hardware and software to operate2. The clock radio is an older example of convergence3. A web server would store and deliver web pages4. An iPod is an example of a special purpose computer5. The motherboard is the primary circuit of a computer to which all core components are connected6. One drawback of storing data in the cloud is security7. Commands and user responses are examples of input for a computerSoftware• Software Engineering⁃ Computer Programmingstatements and instructions for the computerSpecific method for the computerThe writing of the programs⁃ Programming LanguagesHow we create computer programsComplier changes things into 1s and 0sCreates source code⁃ Application Programming InterfaceA set of tools that help create software based on a specific operating system or online service• Acquiring Software⁃ Off-the-Shelf SoftwareYou take it off the shelf and you start using itMicrosoft: word, excel, powerpoint, outlook⁃ Custom-Designed SoftwareFor a particular project, industry, reason, you can take off the shelf software and modify it for your needsCustom written from stretch to fit the software that you needCan be expensive⁃ Cloud ComputingAccessed on the internetGoogle Docs• Software License⁃ FreewareFree off the internetAdobe acrobat reader⁃ Open-Source SoftwareIt allows programmers to acquire and change open sources to softwareThe code is included with the purchase of the programOperating system: linuxApplication software: openoffice.orgDatabase software: MySOLInternet browser: Mozilla FirefoxInstant Messaging: JabberInternet TV: MiroGraphics: GIMP⁃ Creative Commons LicenseAllows creators of intellectual property to share or not share by a creative commonslicense(cc) shows if you are allowed or not allowed to use someones work; do you need to pay for it; what can you take or not take out of their idea; do you need permission; etc.• Managing Software⁃ Installing SoftwareUsually comes on a disc or off of the internetThere are standard places these programs go on your computer such as the downloads folderMust agree with the licensing agreement, however be weary of third party downloads to see if you will get any bugs along with the download⁃ Maintaining SoftwareUpdating fixes the programs problems post downloadingInstalling a new version of the software (Office 2007 to Office 2010; iTunes)In between new versions, you install patches to take care of specific problems⁃ Uninstalling SoftwareCausing problems, don't use it anymore, free up spaceYou can't get it back after you uninstall a programYou can uninstall a program from the control panel or the start menuA computer program is a set of instructions or statements to the computerA PC does not come with custom