1© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 1Tomorrow’s Technologyand You8th Edition© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 2Tomorrow’s Technologyand You 8/eChapter 10Computer Security and Risks© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 3Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 10Objectives Describe several types of computer crime and discusspossible crime prevention techniques. Describe the major security issues facing computer users,computer system administrators, and law enforcementofficials Describe the ways in which computer security relates topersonal privacy issues. Explain the ways in which security and computer reliabilityare related.2© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 4Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 10 Online Outlaws: Computer CrimeComputers are used to break lawsas well as to uphold them.Computer crime involves: Theft by computer Software piracy Software sabotage Hacking and electronic trespassing© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 5Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 10 Online Outlaws: Computer CrimeThe Computer Crime DossierComputer crime is any crime accomplished throughknowledge or use of computer technology.Businesses and government institutions lose billionsof dollars every year to computer criminals.The majority of crimes committed by companyinsiders. These crimes are typically covered up or not reported toauthorities to avoid embarrassment.© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 6Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 10 Online Outlaws: Computer CrimeAccording to a 2001 survey of over 500 companies andgovernment agencies: 85% detected computer security breaches in the preceding 12months. Financial losses due to security breaches topped $377 million. 70% reported that Internet connections were frequent pointsof attack. Only 31% said that internal systems were frequent points of attack.3© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 7Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 10 Online Outlaws: Computer CrimeTheft by Computer Theft is the most common form of computer crime. Computers are used to steal: Money Goods Information Computer resources© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 8Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 10 Online Outlaws: Computer CrimeCommon types of computer crime: Spoofing: the use of a computer for stealing passwords Identity theft: the use of computers and other tools to stealwhole identities Involves social engineering: slang for the use of deception to getindividuals to reveal sensitive information Online fraud 87% related to online auctions Average cost per victim: $600© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 9Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 10 Online Outlaws: Computer CrimeProtect Yourself from Identity Theft: Make all your online purchases using a credit card. Get a separate credit card with a low credit limit for your onlinetransactions. Make sure a secure Web site is managing yourtransaction. Don’t disclose personal information over the phone. Don’t give social security or driver’s license numbers over the phone;don’t print it on checks; and use encryption when sending it in email. Shred sensitive information.4© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 10Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 10 Online Outlaws: Computer CrimeSoftware Sabotage: Viruses and Other Malware Sabotage of software can include: Trojan horse: performs a useful task while also being secretlydestructive Examples: Logic and time bombs Virus: spreads by making copies of itself from program toprogram or disk to disk Examples: Macro viruses and email viruses© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 11Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 10 Software Sabotage: Viruses and Other MalwareHow a Virus Works© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 12Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 10 Online Outlaws: Computer CrimeSoftware Sabotage: Viruses and Other Malware Worm: program that travels independently over computernetworks, seeking uninfected sites The first headline-making worm was created as an experiment by aCornell graduate student in 1988. In the summer of 2001, a worm called Code Red made worldwideheadlines. Virus War Researchers have identified more than 18,000 virus strains, with 200 newstrains appearing each month. At any given time, about 250 virus strains are in circulation.5© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 13Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 10 Online Outlaws: Computer CrimeSoftware Sabotage: Viruses and Other MalwareAntivirus programs are designed to search for viruses,notify users when they’re found, and remove them frominfected disks or files. Antivirus programs continually monitor system activity,watching for and reporting suspicious virus-like actions. Programs need to be frequently revised to combat new virusesas they appear. Most can automatically download new virus-fighting code fromthe Web as new virus strains appear. It can take several days for companies to develop and distributepatches for new viruses.© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 14Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 10 Online Outlaws: Computer CrimeSoftware Sabotage: Viruses and Other Malware Spyware is technology that collects information from computerusers without their knowledge or consent. Also called: Tracking software or Spybot Information is gathered and shared with others via the Internet. Your keystrokes could be monitored. Web sites you visit are recorded. Snapshots of your screen are taken. Spyware can be the cause of pop-ups appearing on your screen. 91% of PC users have spyware on their computers. In drive-by downloads just visiting a Web site can cause a download.© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 15Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 10 Software Sabotage: Viruses and Other MalwareNorton Antivirus Software’s Interface6© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 16Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 10 Online Outlaws: Computer CrimeSoftware Sabotage: Viruses and Other MalwareHacking and Electronic Trespassing Hacker (or cracker) refers to people who break into computersystems. Webjackers hijack Web pages and redirect users to other sites. Denial of Service (DOS) attacks bombard servers and Web siteswith traffic that shuts down networks.© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 17Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 10 Online Outlaws: Computer CrimeSoftware Sabotage: Viruses