OSU CS 101 - Tomorrow’s Technology and You

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1© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 1Tomorrow’s Technologyand You 8th Edition© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 2Tomorrow’s Technologyand You 8/eChapter 7Database Applications andPrivacy Implications© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 3Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 7Objectives Explain what a database is and describe its basic structure. Identify the kinds of problems that can be best solved withdatabase software. Describe different kinds of database software, from simple filemanagers to complex relational databases.2© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 4Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 7Objectives (continued) Describe database operations for storing, sorting, updating,querying, and summarizing information. Give examples of ways in which large, easily accessibledatabases make lives safer or more convenient. Explain the ways databases threaten our privacy.© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 5Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 7 The Google Guys Search for Success Google is one of the most successful companies on WWW. Search for Web pages, facts, quotes, etc. 200 million queries a day Launched by a Sergey Brin andLarry Page (Stanford Ph.D. students) New approach in search technology Marks a page’s relevance by the number of times other relatedweb pages link to it, not how often a word or phrase appearedon a page© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 6Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 7 The Google Guys Search for SuccessGoogle headquarters viewed using Google Earth, a free application thatcombines satellite imagery, maps, and Google's search engine.3© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 7Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 7 The Electronic File Cabinet: Database BasicsWhat Good Is a Database? A database: A collection of informationstored on computer disks Database software: Application software(like word processing andspreadsheet software) Designed to maintain databases(collections of information)© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 8Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 7 The Electronic File Cabinet: Database Basics Advantages offered by computerized databases: Make it easier to store large quantities of information Make it easier to retrieve information quickly and flexibly Make it easy to organize and reorganize information Make it easy to print and distribute information in a variety of ways© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 9Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 7 The Electronic File Cabinet: Database BasicsDatabase AnatomyDatabase program: a software tool for organizing thestorage and retrieval of informationDatabase: a collection of information stored in anorganized form in a computerTypically composed of one or more tablesA collection of related informationA collection of records4© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 10Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 7 The Electronic File Cabinet: Database Basics A record is the information relating to one person, product, orevent. Each discrete piece of information in a record is a field.FieldRecordTable© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 11Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 7 The Electronic File Cabinet: Database Basics The type of information a field can hold is determined by its: Field type or Data type Database programs provide you with more than one way toview data: Form viewsShow one record at a time List viewsDisplay several records in lists similar to the way a spreadsheet displaysdata© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 12Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 7 The Electronic File Cabinet: Database BasicsIn any view, fields can berearranged without changingthe underlying data.List ViewForm View5© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 13Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 7 The Electronic File Cabinet: Database BasicsDatabase Operations Import: receive data in the form of text files Browse: navigate through information Query: find records that match specific criteria© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 14Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 7 The Electronic File Cabinet: Database Basics Sort: rearrange records (alphabetically or numerically) Print reports, labels, and form letters: A report is anordered list of selected records and fields in an easy-to-readformat.© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 15Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 7 The Electronic File Cabinet: Database Basics Most modern database management programs support a standardlanguage for programming complex queries called SQL(Structured Query Language). SQL is available for many database management systems. Programmers and sophisticated users don’t need to learn new languageswhen they work with new systems. The graphical user interfaces allow point-and-click queries that insulateusers from the complexities of the query language.6© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 16Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 7 The Electronic File Cabinet: Database BasicsScreen Test: Querying a Web Search DatabaseTo search for articlesonline about a newmethod for recycling laserprinter toner cartridges,you can visit a searchengine, such as Google.© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 17Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 7 The Electronic File Cabinet: Database BasicsWhen you hit the“Search” button, thesearch engine willreturn a list of links,sorted by relevancy.© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 18Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 7 The Electronic File Cabinet: Database BasicsSelecting any of thelinks will cause thecorresponding page toload.7© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 19Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 7 The Electronic File Cabinet: Database BasicsSpecial-Purpose Database Programs Specialized database software: preprogrammed for specific datastorage and retrieval purposes Geographical information systems (GIS): include geographicand demographic data in map form© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 20Tomorrow’s Technology and You 8/eChapter 7 The Electronic File Cabinet: Database BasicsPersonal information manager (PIM): anelectronic organizerAutomates some or all of the following functions:Address/phone bookAppointment calendarTo-do listMiscellaneous notesHandheld computers can share information withapplications such as iCalendar running on PCs andMacintoshes.© 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 21Tomorrow’s Technology and You


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