Comm250 Exam 1 Review Defining Communication communication a social process in which individuals employ symbols to establish and interpret meaning in their environment social the notion that people and interactions are part of the communication process process ongoing dynamic and unending occurrence dynamic complex continually changing with no definable beginning and ending points process nature means that much can happen change from beginning to end of a conversation can start in a very different place than where you begin ex a fight start as convo turns to fight individual and cultural changes affect communication o communication between siblings different than between classmates o communication trends among Chinese vs Americans special differences speed of talking etc symbol arbitrary label given to a phenomenon concrete symbol symbol representing an object chair represents thing we sit on abstract symbol0 symbol representing an idea or thought love represents the idea and feeling of love meaning what people extract from a message can have more than one meaning and even multiple layers of meaning environment situation or context in which communication occurs includes time place historical period relationship speaker and listener cultural backgrounds Models of Communication Linear one way view of communication that assumes a message is sent by a source to a receiver through a channel created by Shannon and Weaver 1949 sender is the person who has the ideas thoughts and feelings they want to get across they encode the message Create the message for sending Source originator of a message message words sounds actions or gestures in an interaction receiver recipient of a message channel pathway to communication noise distortion in channel no intended by the source physical external bodily influence on reception of message anything external to the participants physical noise visual smell semantic linguistic influences on reception of message meaning of the words language barriers words you don t know the meaning of slang psychological cognitive influences on reception of message any reconceived notions biases or prejudices that the participants have that may interfere with the sending and receiving of message personal thoughts that can pull away from understanding the intended meaning of a message physiological biological influences on reception of message anything that can happen within the body that interfere with the sending and receiving of the message ex being tired ADHD stress Interactional view of communication as the sharing of meaning with feedback that links source and receiver all elements of linear communication the same just adds feedback aspect feedback communication given to the source by the receiver to indicate understanding meaning field of experience overlap of sender s and receiver s culture experiences and heredity in communication two way communication circular communication big circles in model represent the fields of experience of send and receiver Sex education socioeconomic status religion experience political affiliations in order for people to understand each other there needs to be some overlap in the field of experiences Transactional view of communication as the simultaneous sending and receiving of messages receiver can send feedback during an interaction of message from sender to reciever can be nonverbal or verbal at the same time both parties mutually responsible for the creation of meaning context determines communication behaviors Contexts of Communication contexts environments in which communication takes place Intrapersonal communication with oneself role of cognition decision making attribution about others attributions about ones self ego involvement and persuasion cognition The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought experience and the senses attribution assigning some quality or character to a person or thing Interpersonal face to face communication between people relationship development maintenance and dissolution power and control of relationship attraction Small Group communication among at least three individuals gender and group leadership group vulnerability group decision making problem solving task difficulty communication networks power norms o cohesiveness the degree of togetherness between and among communication o synergy the intersection of multiple perspectives in a small group o networks communication patterns through which information flows o roles position of group members and their relationship to the group Organizational communication within and among large and extended environments culture power morale worker satisfaction hierarchy productivity o hierarchy an organizing principle whereby things or people are ranked on above the other Public Rhetorical the dissemination of information from one person to many others audience communication apprehension delivery effectiveness speech and text criticism ethical speechmaking popular culture analysis rhetoric a speaker s available means of persuasion communication apprehension a general sense of fear of speaking before an audience Aristotle s Appeals o ethos convincing by the character of the author o logos persuading by appealing to the reader s emotions o pathos persuading by the use of reasoning Mass Mediated communication to a large audience via various channels radio Internet television etc mass media channels or delivery modes for mass messages new media computer related technology use of media affiliation and television programming television and values media and effect on culture need fulfillment effects of social networking sites Intercultural communication between and among individuals whose cultural backgrounds vary between and among cultures co cultures how culture affects communication gender culture and rule setting culture and anxiety hegemony ethnocentrism co cultures groups of individuals who are part of the same larger culture but who an b classified around various identities Race sex age etc interpersonal public health risk messages diffusion networks are in which communication scholars study communication Health broken down into two fields public health public service announcements and persuasive campaigns for health behavior and interpersonal aspect doctor patient interaction compliance between doctors and patients What is Theory theory an abstract system of concepts and their relationships that help us to
View Full Document
Unlocking...