PHY 1020 Chapter 5 Reactions Reactors and Bombs Super Quick Chapter Overview everything you need to know The doubling law takes you from small numbers to extremely high numbers in a relatively small number of Chain reactions involved doubling tripling or any factor greater than one The concept of a chain reaction was developed into a practical tool called the polymerase chain reaction or PCR can be used to identify people from their DNA Atomic bomb is the common name for a nuclear weapon that is based on the reaction of U 235 or Pu 239 Plutonium is manufactured in nuclear reactors A bomb explodes with the uranium or plutonium is collected into a critical mass In critical mass is a blob of material big enough that most neutrons produced hit the nucleus and produce generations PCR fission A thermonuclear bomb is also called a hydrogen bomb At the peak of the Cold War the United States and the Soviet Union had over 10 000 nuclear warheads Nuclear reactors are based on chain reactions Nuclear waste consists of the long lived fission fragments Book Quiz practice Questions Recent reports discussing the population bomb Indicate the explosion is slowing A verify that the population will expand above 20 billion B C Show that it doesn t matter since food supply grows equally fast D Show that the population of the world is now decreasing A one kiloton nuclear weapon Exploded at ground level would destroy A about 1 square kilometer of a city B Most of a small city C Most of a large city D Many cities if they were within 100 miles of each other For an atomic bomb the number of doubling required is closest to A 1023 B 235 C 80 D 16 An implosion type of phone is required for A a U 235 bomb B a Pu 239 bomb C a thermonuclear bomb D A boosted vision weapon Moore s law relates too A urban legends B Computer viruses C biological viruses D Computer chip capability A A computer virus B Spread of smallpox C Epidemic of flu D Illness from anthrax Which of the following does not represent exponential growth This statement that Chernobyl accident will kill 2400 people is based on the measurements of leukemia and thyroid cancer near Chernobyl A B The linear hypothesis C The concept of a chain reaction D The fact that radioactivity is contagious The dangerous radioactivity in fallout comes from A moderator is something that slows neutrons A B Slows fission fragments C fissions more easily then U 235 D Speeds up the chain reaction A neutrons B Neutrinos C Gamma rays D fission fragments Fallout is much worse if the bomb is exploded near the ground A B Is exploded at high altitude C Undergoes fewer generations D Contains it no fissile material A nuclear reactor cannot explode like a nuclear bomb because it contains too much uranium It contains no uranium A B C The nuclear reactor depends on slowly neutrons Is carefully designed to shut down quickly D According to the text the least bad place to put nuclear waste is in the sun A B All the way into outer space Hey breeder reactor is designed to produce In our food C D Underground A U 235 B tritium C U 238 D Plutonium A 1 million B 10 000 C 1000 D Several hundred The number of nuclear weapons that the United States had was closest to PCR has been used to choose all that are appropriate identify children of Thomas Je erson A B Check the guilt of convicted murderers C D Identify victims of 9 11 Identify the fathers children The Hiroshima bomb used A A gun design B Thermonuclear fusion C D Implosion boosted fission If the water moderator is lost from a nuclear reactor the reactor will explode like an atomic bomb A B Reaction from fission fragments will continue to produce heat C All of the power of the reactor will immediately go to zero D The chain reaction will increase Causing A reactivity accident The material that might be reprocessed from nuclear waste is Which of the following is not a good example of the doubling law A tritium B U 238 C U 235 D Pu 239 lightning A B Avalanche C Nuclear chain reaction D Future population growth The Canadian Candu reactors use light water A B deuterium C Thermonuclear fusion D tritium Plutonium can explode with fewer generations then can uranium because A plutonium fission requires more neutrons B Plutonium fission releases more energy C Plutonium does not require a moderator D Plutonium turns into uranium In a nuclear power plant the material that runs through the turbine is A fission fragments B Electrons C neutrons D Steam A 100 to 500 B 50 000 to 150 000 C 2 to 3 million D 12 million The number of deaths from the Nagasaki bomb is estimated to be The smallest container that could contain one critical mass of plutonium is A A tablespoon B A co ee mug C A large suitcase D The trunk of an automobile The bomb dropped on Hiroshima used as it s fuel A uranium B Plutonium C Hydrogen D deuterium and lithium 6 Saddam Hussein planned it to enrich uranium using The centrifuge enrichment plant takes an area of about A Calutrons B Centrifuges C Lasers D gaseous di usion A one living room B One large classroom C One large building D About one square mile PCR involves tritium carbon 14 radiocarbon A B C heavy water D DNA One of the most dangerous radioactive materials from fallout is A U 235 B Pu 239 C Sr 90 D deuterium The term China Syndrome refers to A the accident Chernobyl B Meltdown of the nuclear fuel C Production of plutonium in China D Nuclear terrorism Depleted uranium is a useful substance because it is radioactive A B an artillery shell made from it is very penetrating C D It is poisonous but not very radioactive It can be converted to U 235 PCR was used to learn about A the critical mass of uranium B Descendants of Sally Hemmings C The security of Yucca Mountain D Locations of oil under ground Another name for the H bomb is A dirty bomb B Stealth bomb C fission bomb D Thermonuclear bomb And nuclear explosions similar to the one produced by North Korea would destroy an area of about A the size of a college campus B The size of a medium sized town C The size of a major city D The size of a small state e g Massachusetts Cold Fusion A despite claims has never been observed B Has been seen in laboratory experiments C Is the key mechanism used in Tokamak D Used by Livermore in the NIF national ignition facility project At 3 mile Island choose all that are correct there was a reactivity accident runaway chain reaction A B Over 200 people are expected to die from the released fission fragments C Some of the uranium fuel melted D
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