Chapter 11 Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood o Increases universals of middle childhood cognitive growth o Decreases interested in studying individual differences in intellectual abilities Considering Intelligence Assessing Intelligence o IQ tests devised with a very specific type of intelligence in mind traditional IQ tests measure the type it takes to succeed in formal educational institutions Individual s performance presented as a score relative to age mates an overall score o Group Tests Ex ITBS CRCT COGAT Advantages Allow testing of large groups Require little training to administer Useful for instructional planning o Individually Administered Tests Identify students who need individual testing Examiners need training experience Provides insights about accurace of score o Types of Tests Identify highly intelligent children and children with learning problems Stanford Binet Intelligence Scales Fifth Edition Assesses general knowledge quantitative reasoning visual spatial processing working memory and basic information processing Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children IV Measures verbal reasoning perceptual or visual spatial reasoning working memory and processing speed Recent Efforts to Define Intelligence o Processing speed is correlated with IQ scores o Inhibition selective attention and sustained attention are among the other predictors of IQ Sternberg o One of the first people to have a big impact on our understanding of different types of intelligence o Introduced a Triarchic theory of intelligence 3 distinct but interrelated intelligence types Analytic Componential o closest to regular IQ test o Ability to acquire retrieve information o Book smarts Creative Experiential o Ability to use creativity o Thinking outside the box Practical Contextual o Ability to think practically o Street smarts We have all 3 Different in strengths Society needs all 3 types Ex Apollo 13 Movie Gardner s Multiple Intelligences o Multiple Intelligences Musical The ability to perceive discriminate transform and express musical forms Ex someone who can hear a song and play it without ever seeing sheet music Logical Mathematical Interpersonal Relational The capacity to use number effectively and to reason well Includes sensitivity to logical patterns and relationships The ability to perceive and make distinctions in the moods intentions motivations and feelings of other people Likes to work in groups Really good with people Able to take other s perspectives Bodily Kinesthetic The capacity to use one s whole body to express ideas and feelings and the facility to use one s hands to produce or transform things It allows one to control their bodies and process moves of others in extraordinarily capable ways Good hand eye coordination Ex sculptor artist dancer surgeon Linguistic Verbal The capacity to use words effectively orally or in writing Someone who loves to read write do crossword puzzles etc Intrapersonal Introspective Ability to act adaptively on the basis of self knowledge Being aware of one s inner moods intentions motivations and a capacity for self understanding Lots of self awareness Likes to work alone Ex psychologist Spatial Ability to perceive the visual spatial world accurately and to perform transformations upon those perceptions Includes the capacity to visualize to graphically represent visual or spatial ideas Ex interior designer Capacity to appreciate nurture and care for plants animals and the environment Someone who likes to care for plants animals nature etc Ex recycler Naturalist o Tests for this can be used to determine what kids are good at if they aren t academically driven o Can also be used to determine what types of jobs people are best suited for o Proposed that we each have the capacity for all 8 intelligences and we can improve upon the ones that we are lacking but we gravitate what we re best at o Individual pies shaped differently o We learn best in our areas of intellectual strength Emotional Intelligence o 4 core abilities Self awareness ability to recognize your emotions Self management managing your emotions impulses Social awareness ability to understand emotions needs of others Relationship management ability to develop manage good friendships relationships communications and conflict resolution are important o Emotional intelligence is modestly associated with IQ and positively associated with self esteem empathy prosocial behavior and life satisfaction o Lessons that teach emotional understanding are becoming more common in the classroom Explaining Differences in IQ o Genetics o Environment SES Accounts for about of differences Controls your reaction range Less preparation for school why we have Pre K Less opportunity Less healthcare more missed school Culture Values vary Ex school in US family in Mexico Secular Trend Kids smarted now Generational differences Test Bias Ex some major tests written in ways beneficial to the dominant culture
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