Exam 4 History An American Dilemma Segregation Civil Rights During WWII I Gunnar Myrdal An American Dilemma 1944 II American Women in WWII Women were celebrated but expected to go back to the home after the war 1 WAVES Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service A WAACS WAVES Women served in the military only 25 actually served over seas many flew planes B Rosie the Riveter 2 This is the first of women in the military 3 WAAC Women s Army Auxiliary Core 1 First appeared in 1942 2 Riveters tightened bolts on construction sites 3 She represented a hard working women for the war effort 4 Self confidence pride in her work 5 Women worked as machinists motorists worked on ships etc 6 Most newly hired people were women at this time 7 Labor unions also had to address new issues Childcare maternity leave etc women 8 Overall workforce of women grew by 50 Now included married C Marriage Family 9 More married then single women in work now 1 Mothers wives were getting jobs 2 Raising families homes was changing 3 Childcare was increasing the Gov only covered about 10 of what children really needed 4 Higher absentee rates of women in the home 5 Marriage rate increased at this time Uncertainty rising economy also worried that men going off to war would come back with other women after the war 6 Marriages were not easy at this time due to men being away at war 7 New wives had to raise small children work full time jobs ran households without men around 8 Trouble finding new homes Decrease in housing 9 Gender expectations Expected to remain faithful to their husbands D Juvenile Delinquency 10 Divorce rates doubled after the war 1 Father s were away mothers were at work during this time 2 Children went to school less 3 School facilities were made into war time production zones 4 School days were cut in half 5 More than 1 million teens dropped out of high school 6 Poverty race were also blamed for juvenile delinquency 7 Mexican Americans Exam 4 History III Mexican Americans in WWII 1943 A Zoot Suit Riots 1 Los Angeles 2 Long coats pleated pants pocket watches floppy hats 3 Signaled defiance Symbol of juvenile delinquency 4 Blamed all on the Mexican Americans 5 Sailors at the time Started most of the attacks 6 Less than 10 wore these suits The press made it seem like way more at the time B Bracero Program 1942 1964 1 Mexicans were recruited 2 Hired hands 3 Allowed Mexicans to cross the bored as temporary agricultural workers in the SW 4 Cheap labor for industries in the SW 5 4 5 million Mexicans came in at this time 6 Supposed to have housing descent wages 7 No way to improve poor conditions 8 Other Mexican American tried to prove their loyalty to the US 1 Father Mendez Rented land till they could repay Japanese back 1946 C Mendez v Westminster 2 Westminster school district would not let their schools teach the after the war Mexican children D Guy Gabaldon 3 1st successful desegregation case 1 Grew up in Los Angeles 1 7 children 2 Moved in with a Japanese family immersed in the culture 3 Attended a language school etc 4 When his family went to an internment camp he went with them 5 Joined the marines eventually 6 Sent to Cipan talked to Japanese to get them to surrender 7 Surrounded by American Marines and 1500 turned themselves into the US E League of United Latin American Citizens LULAC 8 Used his Jap Culture as a Mexican American to help the war effort 1 Started in 1929 2 VOICES 3 Reporting cases of inequality in Texas 4 Made racial arguments 5 Only allowed Mexican Americans to join 6 Had to be a citizen 7 Excluded immigrants Japanese American in WWII Internment camps WRA camps 2 3 were second generation born Japanese Americans Nisei 1 3 were 1st generation Japanese Issei IV Exam 4 History A Japanese American Citizens League JACL Issei wanted to preserve their culture started schools Nisei children were the ones who attended these schools 1 Similar to LULAC had to be an American citizen 2 Inspired Dorothea Lange to take pictures of these internment camps 1 Popular term during the war Hemmingway 2 Group of citizens in a country that try to undermine and overthrow B Fifth Column Invasion the government 3 Typically secret operations 4 Roosevelt fed into this C Earl Warren 1 Mostly known a Chief Justice of SC during Rowe v Wade 2 Governor Republican supported internment 3 Used race to go for his election 4 VOICES 5 Claims that their method of living and language were too different 6 Japanese were sent to internment camps after his election later regretted this D War Relocation Authority WRA 7 Eventually ended the segregation of Jap American students 8 Can we trust Loyalty 9 Order 9066 authorized internment 1 Run by the army 2 Oversee the forced removal of Japs from the W coast 3 Removed Japs through resettlement 4 Had to build camps for them 5 Moved into temporary assembly centers short period of time 6 Horse racing tracks under bleachers and in horse stables 7 Didn t want Jap to find out about theses and send American prisoners of war to theses in Japan Set up own schools clubs police force etc If they left they would be deported or sent into the military 8 Housed about 10 12 thousand Americans 9 Very poor living conditions 10 11 1 1943 2 Asked do you renounce allegiance to Jap Emperor Would you E Loyalty Oath 3 10 did not sign Issei and Nisei about 9000 did not sign and were fight in American army sent to a new camp F Korematsu v United States 4 Disloyal camp did not get support from many groups 1 US help constitutionality of internment camps 2 Fred Korematsu Nisea 3 Tried to join the Navy health reasons he claimed racial prejustice 1944 Exam 4 History 4 Went into hiding finally caught and arrested 5 ACLU asked if he would be a test case went to the SC 6 6 3 to uphold internment military necessity 7 VOICES dissenting cases 8 His crime was being in California 9 Is it military necessity 10 Name was cleared in 1988 no evidence of secrets etc 1 Secret group not made public until the 1970s 2 Went to the language school and spent 6 months learning Japanese 3 Over 6000 Nisei that had graduated 4 Interrogate prisoners of war 5 They were demonstrating their patriotism G Military Intelligence Service MIS H 442 nd Regiment Go For Broke 1 Not a secret 2 Famous in the 1940s 3 Segregated regiment of all Jap soldiers 4 All Jap Americans were removed from the military 5 Hawaii Japs were not 6 Jap Americans were then allowed to join military 7 4000 Neisi that went to fight for war 8 Go For Broke film about this