EXAM TWO Ch 17 U S Imperialism in a Global Age New Debates at the Turn of the Century 1880 1910 Foreign policies influence domestic policies What is the idea of Imperialism Liberals progressives vs Conservatives republicans how America expanded its influence Spanish American War generated the most opposition among the Americans I one country should have political economic control over a foreign country root empire Ideas of Imperialism Berlin Conference Europeans assumed that the entire African country was theirs divided it up among themselves justification A Rudyard Kipling Voices 111 White Man s Burden 1 British but born in India refers to the native people of Africa as half devil half child risks by going to conquer foreign country they are going to help these people s profit not theirs justification 2 Relationship between Europeans and natives Europeans are superior bringing technology Christianity civilization for the good of the world playing down other motives Europeans might have such as wealth natural resources and exploit the labor Asia and Africa coffee ivory rubber 3 Three G s of exploration God Gold and Glory 4 Belgian Congo Belgians would send natives to harvest their resources had to meet a certain number but if they failed they would cut off their hands B W E B Du Bois 1 Wrote an essay responding to White Man s Burden called Black Man s Burden white man s burden is actually the black man s burden remember conditions for work are bad for blacks and around the world C Captain Alfred Mahan 1 Supported imperialism two ways to argue Imperialism will make America wealthier and safer a b Good for American character 2 First time America will build a large army with no upcoming war Why Strong military will improve other aspects of American life Captain Mahan 3 Captain Alfred Mahan 1890 influence of sea power upon history a any nation needs ships navy in order to expand its international trade strong navy in a time of peace because it will build up everyone s wealth b having strong navy in peace will make it stronger during war imperialism means acquiring colonies emphasis on practical reason for imperialism by having land wealth and access to sea ports in different countries c strategic naval bases in Hawaii D Manly Virtue Theodore Roosevelt manly 1 Strenuous life 2 Role in Spanish American War grew up in NYC spent time in bad lands of South Dakota hunting wilderness II Actions of Imperialism 3 America s obligation of imperialism to use its military relied on manliness to explain imperialism 4 1899 Roosevelt not a real man if you don t want to build an empire A Open Door Policy 1 Trade and commerce mattered more than everything In China favored in terms of trading because Sphere of Influence America used diplomacy for economics of continental railroad 2 China was never colonized by Europe Spheres of Influence Europeans would have ability to trade from different parts of China in these ports did not want countries entering so they had spheres of influence 3 McKinley turned to John Hay to write Open Door notes a No nation could interfere with trading rights and privileges of other nations b Chinese officials could collect taxes and tariffs tax on imported goods from these other countries c No nation could discriminate against people from other countries who were going to use the railroads 4 Challenged by the Boxer Rebellion a Killed hundreds of people and required countries to send in troops to put down the rebellion b Wanted Americans to preserve Chinese equality and empire B Queen Liliuokalani In Hawaii sugar was the largest business In 1860 American missionaries started to plant sugar plantations talking about acquiring the land and making it part of America They used immigrant labor Chinese and Japanese for low wages and hard labor In 1875 treaty between America and Hawaii a Could send and receive trade from each other b Also gave U S exclusive use of Pearl Harbor for navy easier access to China and Japan a Required voters to own land including plantation owners but not immigrants b The Queen was opposed to white rule sent Cleveland a telegram proposed by Americans 3 Bayonet Constitution i ii Sugar planters formed their own secret government lead by Stanford Dole who received protection from the navy The Queen was then put on house arrest Cleveland refused to annex Hawaii he was replaced by a Republican who annexed Hawaii justified it by saying it was for commercial interests and good for business Hawaiian sugar is now a U S trade C Roosevelt Corollary In 1904 Roosevelt makes his own revision to the Monroe Doctrine of 1820 a b He doesn t want to go to war with Spain but if Europeans try to imperialize they will Walk softly and carry a big stick international police 1 2 1 III Spanish American War They claimed to liberate them but it was really a show of imperial power Cuba had been fighting for independence for 30 years against Spain Spain created concentration camps where many Cubans died official reason for the war was to spread self government to Cuba and the Philippines A Yellow Press 1 Joseph Pulitzer and Hurst wrote for newspapers about the brutality of Spain on Cuba 2 McKinley was hesitant about going to war a Leading spokespeople for imperialism in Cuba they called for Cuban independence a In 1898 Spain sent a battleship called the Maine to Cuba and there was an explosion U S considered this an act of war by Spain so they went to war It was called a splendid little war by John Hay b B Platt Amendment army appropriations bill stating 1 Cuba could not borrow money or make treaties with permission from the U S 2 They could not withhold land that America wanted for naval bases or coal mines 3 U S could intervene whenever they felt necessary 1 He s hesitant about going to war in the Philippines Voices 109 C William McKinley a Can t give them back to Spain because it s cowardly b Or France Germany because it would be bad business c Or the Philippines because they re unfit for self government D Emilio Aguinaldo 2 McKinley decides to civilize them by educating them and teaching them Christianity 1 He was banished from Spain McKinley let him back in hoping he would revolt against the Spanish politician who revolted against Spain 2 He organized a group of armed rebels and turned the war in Cuba into a four year battle in the again Philippines E Anti Imperialist League 1 Famous Americans including Mark Twain Andrew Carnegie Samuel Gompers a They believe imperialism is