Chapter One Reconstruction 1865 1877 08 26 2013 Lecture 1 I Presidential Reconstruction Lincoln republican and Johnson democrat o Lincoln was concerned with saving the union over freeing o 10 plan granted amnesty and forgave those in the slaves confederacy o LA was the first part to rejoin the union o Johnson defended the middle class farmers white men alone must manage the south o 13th amendment abolished slavery II Opposition in the South Northerners were skeptical about southern reconstruction Black codes A lot of confederate leaders were elected to congress III Congressional Reconstruction Chapter 1 The Meaning of Victory Reconstruction 1865 1877 1 Presidential Reconstruction 10 Percent Plan Wade Davis Bill Thirteenth Amendment 2 Opposition in the South Black Codes ratified the 13th granted rights to freed men 3 5th clause each slave only counted as 3 5 of a vote after reconstruction they were then counted as a whole vote 3 Congressional Reconstruction Civil Rights Bill of 1866 protected rights of blacks protected the freed men s bureau first major law that congress had to override a presidents veto Johnson vetoed Freedmen s Bureau went away in 1866 Johnson vetoed Fourteenth Amendment equal rights to those born or naturalized in the US gave some rights to some freedmen Republicans outnumbered the democrats in Congress Radical Republicans wanted to take step against Johnson Tenure of Office Act prevented the president from firing a member of his cabinet Senate and congress had to approve Impeachment of Johnson first time that a president went to trial radicals wanted him out of office he survived by one vote and remained president for the rest of the year Fifteenth Amendment black men can votes but not women Carpet baggers northern whites coming to the south to get elected in the Scallywags southern republicans did not represent interest of democrats All southern states returned to democratic control south white men Former confederates Lecture 2 Nothing But Freedom Was Reconstruction a Social Revolution 1 Freedmen s Policies A Emancipation Proclamation 1863 Abraham Lincoln s policy toward freeing slaves i ii His main concern was not to end slavery but it was really to save the union iii He looked at slavery as a military objective iv He was not successful in freeing all slaves Only freed slaves in rebellious states This did not include the four Border States New Orleans and many others had been captured and freed prior to this Forty Acres and a Mule B i William Sherman set fire to all the home fronts union general issued an order that set aside land for the former slaves believed that the slaves deserved the land associated with LSU There was no written document to this deal ii Blacks insisted that to be free they needed land to start with iii Johnson was a Southern Democrat who did not agree iv v He restored much of the land back to the original plantation owners This idea did not last vi vii Many of the slaves made up parts of the union army in an effort to end slavery Freedmen s Bureau C 1865 as the war was ending Lasted for about five years i ii iii Worked with the military iv Helped slaves set up elementary schools v Only moderately successful vi Did not provide economic benefits for slaves Sharecropping D i ii i E Crop Lien Favored the planters Allowed former slaves and poor white families to live on plantations and to cultivate a small area and they would just pay a small portion of their crops to the plantation owner Plantation owners took advantage of this by upping the rate for farm tools and clothing which would put sharecroppers in debt ii Only increased economic inequality 2 Failed Attempts for Suffrage and Equal Rights A B 15th Amendment granted blacks the right to vote Elizabeth Cady Stanton Female abolitionist Friend to William Douglas i ii iii The connection between women and black suffrage was that fighting for suffrage for both blacks and women was too much for the time and Stanton was not in favor of this idea iv Chinese at the time were also being discriminated against by the fact that they were not being welcomed into the country Fredrick Douglas on the other hand believed that they should hold all C the same rights as any other American citizens his idea was not believed by many and was not successful i Many radical republicans did not want blacks to have the power to vote D Colfax Massacre of 1873 i Congress did not help blacks in Louisiana ii Republicans at this time were in office but the Democrats insisted that they had won and set up their own government This caused chaos at the time Republicans won the argument on who was to be in office iii Democrats opened fired and killed over 100 Republicans iv One of the most intense episodes of violence during the reconstruction E P G T Beauregard i ii iii Became part of the New South In charge of the street car line Joined the Reform Party businessmen and all about economics iv Women were not included in his vision of equality v Equality for all men was part of their vision because this would increase their business on railroads which would ensure financial success Equal rights were given to blacks in their opinion Economic rights that were given were equality to ride on public transportation like railroads equal railroads in LA viii White democrats at the time talked down to blacks they vi vii believed white people in office only wanted to free blacks so they would get more votes tools to victory not really citizens 3 The End of Reconstruction 1877 every state had Democratic rule A B C Ku Klux Klan i Denied political and economic freedom to blacks Francis Nicholls ii Redeemer governor of Louisiana Compromise Bargain of 1877 iii Democrat won popular vote but he fell one vote short in the electoral college iv Republicans won v Recount of LAs vote vi Compromise B Civil Rights Act of 1875 i Republicans lost interest in black freedom ii iii This granted equality to blacks in public areas They did not want to improve schools it was too much in this idea of freedom The Supreme Court ruled this unconstitutional because it was a state affair Failure v iv C Plessy v Ferguson 1896 Lecture 3 Big Business and the Transformation of American Society The Second Industrial Revolution 1865 1890 post civil war Gilded age big businesses was corrupted along with unequaled society 4 Mechanization Innovation At this time more immigrants were coming in to the country than ever Technological changes were happening in the home and