Communications 250 Before first midterm 09 05 2012 Communication can be a very broad field of study Not an easily defined word that we use every day looked for one definition of communication and found 127 different ones now there would be even more Not having a single definition for communication is problematic in the communication field because we are 1970 Frank criticized for it Issues in defining communication Must communication Be intentional o Does communication need to be intentional o Watzlawick Beavin and Jackson 1967 you can not not communicate Because of nonverbal messages can have meaning Does the message sent have to equal the message received Or can we kind of understand the message o We need to achieve our communication goal for communication to be successful Should we as communication schoars study things that aren t ethical or honest A lot of people study lying behavior are we encouraging people to lie Have correspondence Be Successful Be ethical Honest o o o o Persuasion manipulation propaganda research should we study publish these Include symbolic actions Verbal non verbal things with meaning Do we include reflexes like stomach growling biological things Do we stick to things with commonly understood meaning o o o o o o o o o Include cognition thought perception Do we need interaction A sender Can we include just with ourselves Be human to human Can we communicate with animals In this field we study HUMAN TO HUMAN Not necessarily the same process What you choose has to be consistent fields study environment Communication as a process Linear Shannon and weaver 1949 Interactional Schramm 1954 Important to define communication because we need to define what we study and differentiate us from what other Communication a process in which individuals use symbols to establish and interpret meaning in their Transactional Barnlund 1970 LINEAR MODEL OF COMMUNICATION interpersonal process one way model of communication process focused on public speaking sending a message to an audience without feedback sender encodes message decodes receiver arrows are channels and direction sender has a meaning they want to get across encoding is taking the pure ideas thoughts and feeling in the mind of the sender labeling them with symbols and organizing them in some way to create meaning then delivers the message through the channel five senses are the channels used to send or receive messages see visual smell olfactory Taste touch tactile hearing audio channel decode figure out what message means noise is anything that interferes with the sending ans receiving of messages no feedback involved Types of noise Physical noise external any noise that is external to the participants Jackhammer fans beautiful person Semantic noise noise based on word meaning someone uses a word you don t understand Different languages lacking vocabulary technical language slang Psychological noise internal noise in the mind of the sender receiver refuse to think if have a bias against the sender o o o o o o o o o o Physiological noise biological internal noise Tired sick hunger hearing disorder Interactive or interactional Communication Model interplay or circular repeats Allows sender to know what meaning you got Very start stop Similar to text email letters HAS A FIELD OF EXPERIENCE Sender encodes message and sends it through a channel for the receiver to decode then the receiver sends feed back by encoding their own message sending it through a channel for the original sender to recode and the process Everything you bring to the communication situation Sex gender ethnic background culture knowledge every experience you have had in your life up to this point Effects the meaning you get from messages Needs to be some overlap in field of experience for understanding to take place Transactional Model of Communication interpersonal process On going process no clear beginning middle and end Dynamic and changing process Participant responds decodes then delivers messages through channel for another participant to Participant sends and receives responds decodes message Participant sends and receives respond decode happen simultaneously responds decodes Both parties responsible for creation of meaning o o o o o o Draw box around model all communication takes place in a CONEXT environment o Context environment may change the rules for communication but doesn t change the process When this model was developed interpersonal comm was popular o Relationships were studied INTERACTION MODEL ADDED FEEDBACK AND FIELD OF EXPERIENCE TRANACTIONAL ADDED CONTEXT AND FINDING MEANING Transactional process of creating meaning teachers favorite definition Contexts of communication Intrapersonal Interpersonal Small group Organizational Public rhetorical Mass medicated Intercultural Health 09 05 2012 What is theory Any conceptual representation or explanation of a phenomenon Stephen Littlejohn Represents reality but is not reality in and of itself Concepts are labels that allows us to talk about different specific communication events A set of statements specifying an explanatory relationships between two or more classes of phenomenon Mary John Smith Theory v taxonomy and model Taxonomy a conceptual representation of categories of a phenomenon Stephen Littlejohn would consider a taxonomy a theory but mary john smith would not Model Simplified representation of reality Specifies relationships between concepts Temporal order Both mary john smith and Littlejohn would consider a model a theory o o o o o o Goals of theory To describe to understand o What Put in an intelligible frame How and or why To explain To Predict To Control o Social change goals have primary and secondary goals What is communication theory A way to describe explain predict and or control human communication behavior 09 05 2012 09 05 2012 Meta theory quick review of part one Body of speculation on the nature of theory and research Assumptions scholars make about the appropriate ways the build and test theories in the field of communication Assumptions o o o o Ontological what communication looks like in the real world Epistemological best way to learn about communication Axiological do we put values into the research process or be non bias observers See note book for part one of meta theoretical assumptions lecture Part Two Paradigms certain set of meta theoretical assumptions in Communication Field Covering laws approach o No choice Believe people communicate the
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