Cold War Policies Politics 1945 1956 I Cold War Policies USSR had 20 million casualties US was the only superpower that did not receive high casualties economic damage or other damage Shapes American attitudes going into Cold War not isolationist Nearly 80 Americans supported US role in the UN Most Americans did not anticipate another major war in the next 25 years Americans favored relations with Russia more than England Truman was much more worried about USSR spread fear tactics during his 1948 campaign A George Kennan 1 Most influential policymaker in Truman s administration a Watched the USSR during the Yalta Potsdam Conference new Stalin wanted to grow Communist influence b At the end of the war USSR started to occupy parts of Iran for oil fields was British territory before the war US forced Stalin to retreat 2 Long Telegram about Containment 1946 primary source a Containment 1 The best American solution against these issues 2 Go into the puppet states and allow them to hold free elections Kennan believed they would vote for democracy B Cabinet Debate Clark Clifford v Henry Wallace 1 Clark Clifford primary source a Four major points given by Clark Clifford USSR Stalin believed they were in a constant war against Capitalism with no room for peace US liberals are the strongest enemy of Communism not just any Capitalist USSR is recruiting Socialist in other countries as spies USSR is acting against the will of its people most Russians want a free democracy 2 Henry Wallace primary source a Only member of Truman administration opposed to Containment b Almost became President after FDR s death c Very liberal position against Containment d Said that everyone having bombs would instill fear in everyone equally C Truman Doctrine 1947 Greek Civil War 1 Policy of giving money to Greece Turkey to give them freedom a Wanted Congress to set aside 400 million to aid Greece Turkey b Congress gave him 660 million over three years 2 In the speech he talks about the contrast between Communism Capitalism a Capitalism Freedom b Communism Terror oppression suppression of freedom 3 Cartoon of Uncle Sam primary source a Opposition to Truman Doctrine b Blindly giving money to Greece Turkey and we don t know what it will do for them 4 Cartoon of Stalin smoking pipe primary source a For Truman Doctrine b US forcing USSR to stop c Stalin coughing D Marshall Plan 1947 1 Our economic policy 2 George Marshal was Truman s Sec of State presented plan at Harvard commencement in 1947 3 Provide American aid to all of western countries because it was working in Greece Turkey 4 Not only to stop Communism but help struggling people countries 5 Russia refuses any aid now UK France and other countries form alliance among themselves 6 Czechoslovakia fallen to Communism 7 Called a New Deal for Europe Europe Cartoon primary source b 12 of federal budget a US weren t so sure they wanted to give their tax dollars to 8 Success European standards of living increased became accustomed to buying American goods E National Security Council 1947 1 Our military policy 2 Merged three different parts of government a Executive branch b Military c New institution formed the CIA 3 NSC 68 1950 primary source a Justifying use of military power force to deter attacks and create environment for free society to flourish b Extension of Containment II Cold War Battlegrounds A Berlin Airlift 1948 1 Britain US decide to combine their sections of Germany into a democratic state West Germany 2 USSR had East Germany a Stalin cuts off Berlin from everyone says he will re open it if the three powers in West Germany go back to being separate sections b US refuse 3 Organized the Berlin Airlift a Dropped food equipment into West Berlin for 11 months b USSR decided to open the roads if the UN would recognize East Germany as a Communist state West Berlin was opened back up to West Germany Lasts until 1991 B North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO 1 Formed in last month of Berlin Airlift 2 Alliance between the US and 20 western European states to stop the Soviets 3 UN World peace NATO security anti Communism 4 Allow West Germany to enter NATO 5 Soviet version Warsaw Pact 6 America was almost single handedly trying to keep Communism out C General Douglas MacArthur 1 What to do with Japan 2 MacArthur leads Japanese occupation a Led troops in capturing Philippines before atomic bomb b The person to accept Japan s surrender 3 Tried to bring democracy to Japan a Japan allows women suffrage trade unions b Made sure military was decreased c Made sure there was no Communists in Japanese government 4 Japan becomes Capitalist D Mao Tse tung 1 China becomes Communist 2 Chiang Kai Shek a Corrupt but not Communist so American supported him b Loses to a Chinese revolution of Mao E 38th Parallel 1 Korean War 1950 first explosion of the Cold War 2 Stalin controls North Korea as Communist 3 Kim Il sung a Communist dictator of Korea 4 MacArthur goes in to make sure Communists stay North of the 38th parallel 5 Korea getting aid from Mao in China they stop the MacArthur a MacArthur wants to be a hero has Presidential aspirations b Wanted to drop bomb in Korea c Truman didn t allow d MacArthur spoke out critically on Truman e MacArthur was fired
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