HSC4711 Exam 1 Study Guide Wellness optimal health and vitality living life to its fullest encompassing all the dimensions of well being factors o invlolves making conscious decisions to enhance your health and control risk o health overall condition of body or mind and the presence or absence of injury o risk factor condition that increases chance of disease or injury o Dimensions of Wellness all are interrelated and have an effect on each other physical body s overall condition absence of disease fitness level ability to care for yourself emotional ability to understand and deal with feelings finding solutions to emotional problems intellectual challenging mind constantly an active mind detects problems finds solutions and directs behavior interpersonal ability to develop and maintain satisfying and supportive relationships participating in and contributing to community and to society spiritual possess a set of guiding beliefs principles or values that give meaning and purpose to your life environmental livability of your surroundings either supports or diminishes your wellness o infectious disease disease that can spread from person to person caused by o chronic disease disease that develops and continues over a long period of time bacteria and viruses heart disease cancer etc o lifestyle choice conscious behavior that can increase or decrease a person s risk of disease or injury behaviors include smoking exercising eating right etc Healthy People Initiative o aims to prevent disease and improve Americans quality of life o poor health drains the nation s resources and raises health care costs for all o 2 goals increase quality and years of healthy life eliminate health disparities among Americans o Healthy Campus 2010 provides planning guidelines and more than 200 health related objectives specifically designed for college students Diverse Populations Health Issues o many health conditions are a function of biology and culture combined o health related differences among people can be described and identified in context of several different dimensions Sex and Gender Ethnicity sex biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women related to chromosomes genetics and hormones gender roles behaviors activities and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women rooted in biology and physiology but shaped by experience and environment some disease are concentrated in certain gene pools disparities result from a mix of genetic variations environmental factors and health behaviors ethnic groups may vary in their traditional diets their family and interpersonal relationships their attitudes toward drugs and theur health beliefs and practices Income and Education poverty and low educational availability are more important predictors of poor health than an ethnic factor income and education closely related worst health status low income low education high infant mortality traumatic injury violent death many diseases poor eating habits drug use poor health care Disability disability rate is rising more likely to be inactive and overweight report more days of depression Geographic Location rural areas less likely to be physically active safe use preventative health care lack health insurance dangerous living situations being homo or bisexual affects emotional wellness and personal Sexual Orientation safety more likely to engage in risky behaviors be depressed and commit suicide and HIV AIDs Factors Influencing Wellness o Health Habits regular exercise prevent disease as well as healthy and varied diet o Hereditary Family History genome complete set of genetic material in an individual s cells gene basic unit of heredity section of genetic material containing chemical instructions for making a particular protein altered genes play role in chronic diseases but genetic alterations serve only to increase an individual s risk and the disease itself results from the interaction of many genes with other factors like environment and habits not only the air you breathe and water you drink but also substances and conditions in home workplace and community adequate health care improves quality and quantity of life through preventative care and treatment of disease behavior can tip balance toward good health even when heredity or environment is bad you can make a difference in how great an impact of heredity and environment will have on your health o Environment o Access to Health Care o Behavior o behavior change lifestyle management process that involves cultivating healthy behaviors and working to overcome unhealthy ones o must know that behavior is problematic and that it can be changed before you start to change it self assesment o target behavior isolated behavior selected as object for a behavior change program o motivation is almost always necessary to change a behavior o must believe that benefits of change outweigh the costs o more people are motivated by short term goals o self efficacy belief in one s ability to take action and perform a specific activity develop internal locus of control using visualization and self talk and getting encouragement from supportive people locus of control figurative place a person designates as the source of responsibility for the events in his or her life internal belief that you are in control of your own life reinforces motivation and commitment for lifestyle management important external belief that factors beyond your control determine the course of your life visualization boost confidence and self efficacy by seeing self successful Lifestyle Management self talk internal dialogue you carry on with yourself to increase your confidence in ability to change social support plays huge role in changing a behavior motivation and chance of success increases don t let failures discourage you they re normal Transtheoretical Stages of Change Model o Precontemplation don t think there s a problem and no intent to change unaware of risks or deny them tried in the past and failed and now think there s no hope more reasons not to change than there are to change o Contemplation know they have a problem and intend to change aware of both costs and benefits to change wonder about possible courses of action but don t know how to start o Preparation plan to take action within a month may have already begun changes engaging in new behavior but not regularly or consistently worried about failing o Action modify behavior and