HESP 202 9 2 sign up for hearing screening in le frak hall experimental requirement email Dr Rochelle Newman at the language lab ldev hesp umd edu ex perimental requirement Human Communication Humans Social animals Communication Exchange of information between sender and listener only successful if both are working properly together ex If sender is speaking English and listener knows Ger man communication is unsuccessful different code Differences in communication Cultural some cultures don t find it appropriate for children to com municate eye contact rules of conduct Social generation gap authority figures Email and texting have changed the way that we communicate the written word can be misunder stood with the absence of tone Disrupting Factors in Communication Length of message Familiarity of message Background noise Hearing Speech ability Means of Communication Language the code ex English Spanish French etc Note that American sign language is NOT simply English translated into sign it has its own rules and properties Output ments pictures What is language Bliss symbols developed for severely disabled children picture language Usually speech human or synthesized Could also be hand move Nonverbal communication gestures facial expression body movements A socially shared code or conventional system for representing concepts through the use of arbitrary and rule governed combinations of those symbols Rules grammar generative ability to generate new things that people haven t said before and dy namic changes over time The Parts of Language Content Form Phonology sounds not letters the study of sounds 26 letters verses approxi mately 43 sounds Developed by different sounds made by varying letters a phoneme is a sound smallest meaningful part of word Ca is a sound Cat is a word Morphology Free morpheme cat the jump Bound morphemes s ir ly ed in must be attached to free mor phemes ex cat cats Change the meanings of words Syntax arrangement of words into sentences Suprasegmentals loudness intonation or stress Makes the same sentence sound changes the meaning 9 7 Content Semantics Semantic features pieces of meaning in a word hot black liquid from beans coffee furry brown four legs barks dog semantic features identify a word more specifically when strung together Vocabulary Concepts prepositions and locations order or size time etc ex the girl is on the table the table is on the girl Words with multiple meanings chilly vs chili stare vs stair mail vs male plain vs plane Idioms Its raining cats and dogs bite the dust Use Pragmatics Usually not specifically taught picked up along the way requests questions greetings English pragmatic rules one person talks at a time eye contact when speaking observe personal space Can vary by culture pragmatic rules are generally unwritten examples not saying everything you think too much information Disorders of Language Can be affected of any of the areas of language form may not understand how to make something plural syntax rules content meaning use stroke patients have problems with eye contact and appropriate pragmatics particularly right side strokes patients are usually unaware of this SPEECH OUTPUT if speech isn t clear then the code cannot be understood Articulation how speech sounds are made Fluency rate and rhythm of speech Voice clarity loudness pitch All must work together to have clear intelligible speech so that the code will be understood Disorders of speech Disorders of Articulation sound production errors Disorders of Fluency Stuttering DIsorders of Voice PHysical changes to vocal cords nodules polyps cancer Behavioral overuse or abuse of voice Non Verbal Communication About 1 3 of all human communication is non verbal Some need to be Trained American Sign Language ASL SIgning Exact English SEE Some are Generally Accpeted Head nods and shakes eye rolling yawns body language arms across chest Disorders of Hearing Disorders of Hearing Acuity Test sounds of varying loudness and pitch Disorders of Speech Perception and Discrimination Especially important for understanding speech Usually requires amplification hearing aids or cochlear implants Communication IMpairments ASHA american speech language and hearing association DIsorders of speech articulation voice resonance fluency language form content or use cognitive linguistics skills swallowing hearing and balance INteraction and interdependence language speech hearing 9 10 Swallowing lowing disorders Balance Speech language Pathology deals with the evaluation and treatment of swal Should have a knowledge of the anatomy and physiology Audiology deals with evaluation and treatment SHould have knowledge of anatomy and physiology Cognitive Linguistic Disorders Closely related to language disorders Language used to identify these disorders Memory Judgement is this a person who has enough cognitive thinking skills not to leave stove on etc Problem solving is this person capable of noticing problems and dealing with them Sequencing Attention ability to pay attention Less about the use of language more about its application Etiology cause or origin of a disorder Congenital disorders present at birth ex clef pallet Acquired disorders develop after birth ex stroke head injury Dialects Accents DIFFERENCES NOT DISORDERS Acceptable speech or language differences because hey are used in particular geographical regions or particular ethnic groups HUMAN COMMUNICATION PROFESSIONS Audiologists Measure Hearing acuity hearing testing Identify assess manage and prevent disorders of hearing and balance Fit and dispense sell hearing aids and other amplification devices ing aid dealers can also sell hearing aids but typically are salesmen brand of hearing aid audiologists will be blind to labels hear for only one Teach patients to use those devices or teach other ways to maximize hear ing can work in educational settings public schools and colleges Clinics hospitals doctor s offices especially ENT s otolaryngologist Government agencies hearing loss by soldiers etc Industry can work for OSHA to assure that people do not lose their hear ing while on the job prevention of workmen s compensation Private Practice very costly to start up a private practice equipment is expen sive how do you become and audiologist ences primarily coursework 4 year Bachelor s degree BA or BS usually in hearing and speech sci 4 year DOCTORAL program AuD which includes 3 years of coursework clinical complete clinical re work and