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Areas not Related to CommunicationSwallowingSpeech language PathologyKnowledge of anatomy and physiologyEvaluation and treatmentBalanceAudiologyKnowledge of anatomy and physiologyEvaluation and treatmentCognitive Linguistic Disorders:Closely related to language disordersLanguage used to identify these problemsMemoryJudgmentProblem SolvingSequencingAttentionEtiologyCause or origin of a disorderWide varietyCongenital disorders – present at birthAcquired disorders – develop after birthDifferences vs. DisordersDialects/AccentsAcceptable speech language differencesUsed in a particular geographical region or by a particular ethnic groupDifferences NOT disordersPre-Language DevelopmentNew Born (neonates)ReflexivePerceptual abilitiesLimited short term visual memoryDistinguish intensity and duration of sounds and different phonemesWithin first month coordinate vision and hearing6 months – balance improves, sits unsupportedFrom birth treated as a communicatorRespond to human face within weeksInitiates interaction with gazeRespond to care givers vocalizationCan distinguish caregiver from othersCare givers must maintain the appropriate level of stimulationEarly Communication Interactions12 week olds vocalize in unisonVocal turn – takingUse of gazeChild learns “signal” value of specific behaviorsSmiling, body movementRituals and game playing3-4 monthsIntentionality – goal directed activityCognitive process (8-9 months)Child considers the effect on audienceEye contactGestures used to communicateWill eventually be replaced with wordsArms up = pick me upRepresentationThe idea that one thing can stand for anotherPiece of paper as blanket for a dollSymbolizationAn arbitrary symbol (word) can stand for something elseChild responds to a few symbols for 7 monthsFirst words said in the presence of object/personBy 18 months, can use symbol without the person or thing it represents being presentToddler Language DevelopmentFirst word (12 months but varies)With or without gestureFunctions that were earlier filled by gestures or simple soundsEarly pragmatics (use of language)Cookie = reachNo = push awayDog = pointHi / by = social greetingsWide range of intentions (pragmatics)Vocabulary150-300 words by age 2Early child has a lexicon (person dictionary)Early word combinations (18 months) are based on rulesAgent + action = daddy noAction + object = eat cookieGeneral guidelines1 word utterances at 1 year2 word utterances at 2 years3 word utterances at 3 yearscontinues until 5 years of ageHuge vocabulary spurt between 18 to 24 monthsWords are simple – usually only 1-2 syllablesUsually V-C-eat or CV-my or CVCV-MamaDifficult words reduce to the child’s syllable structures and sounds repertoireProbably “pattern learning” vs. discreet syllablesNot sure where each word endsFrequently occurring words learned firstChild uses semantic categories at firstOver extensionUse a word for a broader category than appropriate (all animals are doggies)Under extensionMy dog is the only dogHolophrase – a word that stands for a sentenceLift arms and say upEarly Speech DevelopmentFirst WordsEarliest sounds (p,b,w,m) due to ease of production and perceptionSyllable structure (CV,CVCV) typicalMay delete final sound at first (ba=ball)May add extra vowel (caka = cake)Pre School Speech DevelopmentSounds easier to produce come firstVowels are easier to make then consonants and are learned earlierSounds are acquired first in initial position (ball) and than final (tub) then middle (table)Consonants blends not mastered until laterIndividual differences commonGender differencesGirls tend to be faster at acquiring sounds than boysSchool Age and Adolescent Speech DevelopmentBy age 8, all sounds, sound combinations, and sound blends should be masteredMay be disrupted temporarily by dental problemsMissing teeth, braces, retainersTest Information10-15 questions about anatomy. No diagrams15 multiple choice15 true false – matching – fill in the blanklearn pre-language, toddler, preschool, school ageRecapCommunication DevelopmentCognitive developmentSocial developmentPhysical developmentLanguage DevelopmentNext: Speech DevelopmentAreas not Related to Communication- Swallowingo Speech language Pathologyo Knowledge of anatomy and physiologyo Evaluation and treatment- Balanceo Audiologyo Knowledge of anatomy and physiologyo Evaluation and treatment←← Cognitive Linguistic Disorders:- Closely related to language disorders- Language used to identify these problemso Memoryo Judgmento Problem Solvingo Sequencingo Attention←Etiology- Cause or origin of a disorder- Wide variety- Congenital disorders – present at birth- Acquired disorders – develop after birth←← Differences vs. Disorders- Dialects/Accentso Acceptable speech language differenceso Used in a particular geographical region or by a particular ethnic group Differences NOT disorders← Pre-Language Development←← New Born (neonates)- Reflexive- Perceptual abilitieso Limited short term visual memoryo Distinguish intensity and duration of sounds and different phonemes- Within first month coordinate vision and hearing- 6 months – balance improves, sits unsupported- From birth treated as a communicator- Respond to human face within weekso Initiates interaction with gazeo Respond to care givers vocalizationo Can distinguish caregiver from otherso Care givers must maintain the appropriate level of stimulationEarly Communication Interactions- 12 week olds vocalize in unison- Vocal turn – taking- Use of gaze- Child learns “signal” value of specific behaviorso Smiling, body movement- Rituals and game playingo 3-4 months- Intentionality – goal directed activityo Cognitive process (8-9 months)- Child considers the effect on audience- Eye contact- Gestures used to communicateo Will eventually be replaced with words Arms up = pick me up←← Representation- The idea that one thing can stand for anothero Piece of paper as blanket for a doll←← Symbolization- An arbitrary symbol (word) can stand for something elseo Child responds to a few symbols for 7 monthso First words said in the presence of object/persono By 18 months, can use symbol without the person or thing it representsbeing present←← Toddler Language Development- First word (12 months but varies)o With or without gestureo Functions that were earlier filled by gestures or simple soundso Early pragmatics (use of language) Cookie = reach No = push away Dog = point Hi / by =


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UMD HESP 202 - Areas not Related to Communication

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