Language is a code made up of symbols and rulesIf you have a language disorder the problem you have has something to do with the symbols or the rulesHearing, language, and speechLanguage is the code, speech is the outputTo convey languageSpeech- verbal outputWhat you hearThe physical output of languageGestures- gestural outputPictures- visual outputSpeech problemsArticulationPoor production of symbolsVoiceProblems with production of soundFluencyProblems with the flow of speechStuttersHearingImportant in communicationNeed to be able toIdentify presence of soundDistinguish between different soundsPan vs penFit vs sitPerceive sounds in rapid successionYesterday I saw the Mississippi RiverHearing problemsNot just one typeSeveral types of hearing lossEach may cause different problems in learning and or understanding speech and languageTypes of hearing problemsNo sound here (rare)Sound is heard but it’s too quiet, (ear infections can do this) if you turn up volume and then you can hearCan only hear some sounds (hearing loss in elderly is like this)Professions and Professionals in Communication DisordersProfessionalsSpeech-language pathologistsSpeech therapists, speech clinicians, speech teacherAudiologistSpeech-language or hearing scientistsSpeech-language pathology assistantsAudiology assistantsAll start out the sameBachelor’s Degree- all the same coursesHearing and Speech SciencesCommunication Science and DisordersAfter bachelor’s degree- chooseSpeech language pathology (master’s)Audiology (doctorate)Speech-language PathologistsMust have Master’s Degree2 years course work and clinical experiencepass national examwork for 9 months with supervisionNationally certified byAmerican Speech-Language Hearing Association (ASHA)Certificate of Clinical Competence- SLPCCC- Certificate of Clinical CompetenceSLP- Speech Language PathologistObtain license from stateProvide evaluation and treatment forLanguage disordersSpeech disordersSwallowing disordersCaused by strokesIf you swallow incorrectly, it goes to your lungsWork SettingsSchoolsHospitalsRehab centers/ skilled nursing facilitiesLang term care facilityPrivate practiceUniversity clinicsPopulations servedBabies to elderlyMild to severe impairmentsEvaluations onlyTreatment onlySpecific disorder areasSign language, a language that is gestural, and you need vision in order to communicateAudiologistMust have doctorate (AuD)3 years coursework, clinical experience and research4th year internship (sometimes paid)pass national examnationally certified by either or bothASHA or American Academy of Audiology (AAA)Licensed by stateTest hearing and describe hearing lossRefer to MD’s for medical treatmentRecommend, dispense and instruct patients in using hearing aids, cochlear implants or other assistive listening devicesOtolaryngologistOto- earLaryngo- throatProvide some treatment: Aural (ear) rehabilitation (lip reading, speech training, hearing aid orientations)Evaluate and treat balance disordersWork settingsHospitalsDoctor’s offices (ENT)IndustryGovernment organizations- researchGovernment organizations- clinicalPublic school districtsUniversity clinicsPrivate practicesPopulations servedInfants to elderlySpecific problemsCochlear implantsHearing aidsAssistive listening/ aural rehabSpeech, language, and hearing scientistsPh. D. Level (~6)Primarily research and teachingMay or may not be clinically certifiedUsually have a specialization areaWork settingsUniversities (teaching)Universities (research, post Doc)Government research (NIH)Industry (hearing aid companies)ClinicalMedicalSpeech-language Pathology Assistants (SLPA)Some 2 year degree at a comm collegeNot ASHA certified but stat licensed in most statesRequired coursework, observation hours and clinical hoursCan not do evaluationsProvide therapy under supervision of certified SLPAudiology AssistantNot as organized as SLPA programsNova Southeastern in FloridaCan do technical skillsTesting hearing in adultsTesting hearing in infantsCan not interpret hearing infoCan not dispense hearing aidsAmerican Speech-language Hearing Association (ASHA)www.asha.orgCertified both SLP’s and AuD’sCertify college training programsDetermine what courses are requiredCertify clinical settingsAssure consumers of quality careSpecial interest groupsSpeciality recognitionAmerican Speech-Language Hearing Association (ASHA)Asha.orgFounded in 192533 million $ in duesCertify both SLP’s and AuD’sCertify graduate college training programsDetermine what courses are requiredAssure students get quality educationCertify clinical settingsAssure consumers of quality careSponsor special interest group (SIG’s)18 SIG’s divided primarily by disorderschild language disordersneurological disordersfor people interested in a particular area, pay to be member of these special interest groupsASHAGoverning body for clinical ethicsCode of ethicsDocument that talks about what things are ethical and what are notWhen you become a member of ASHA you agree to follow the code of ethicsEx- a violationRule- you cannot bill for services you don’t do. If a person comes in for one thing and you bill them for something else, and someone reports you, then you will receive sanctions from the ethics board.Determines “Scope of Practice”What clinicians can and can’t doAdvocate/information source for consumersSpecialty recognition for members who wish to have additional skills in particular areaCurrent ASHA specialty recognition areasSpeech language pathologyChild languageFluencySwallowingAudiologyIntraoperative monitoringOther professional organizationsAmerican Academy of Audiology (AAA)National black association for speech-language hearing (NBASLH)There are student organizations for each one of thoseNational student speech language hearing associationsNSSLHANBASLHSAASpeech-language pathology or audiologyInter related professionsFundamentals of soundSound is produced by vibrationsProperties of soundIntensity- measured in decibels (dB) (loudness)Low decibels are quiet soundsHigh decibels are loud soundsFrequency- measured in hertz (HZ) (pitch)High/lowAnatomy of the ear- 3 major parts of the earOuter ear-Pinna or auricle, lobule, external ear canalMiddle ear-Tympanic membrane (ear drum) ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) Eustachian tubes, middle ear musclesInner ear-Oval window, semicircular canals, cochlea, inner ear fluids, basilar membrane, and hair cellsAuditory NerveCranial Nerve VIII(Auditory-Vestibular Nerve) Carries info to