03 11 2011 18 02 00 Review for Exam 2 Comm 250 Introduction to Communication Theory General Comments and Guidelines The exam will be no more than 50 multiple choice questions The exam will cover Chapters 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 and 12 in your text West Turner I would like you to know names associated with the theories Dates are less important i e I will not test you on dates Focus will be on class notes but questions from the text will be asked you should use your text in conjunction with your class notes to further your understanding of the topics discussed in class The exam will require you to know more than just class terms and definitions although you must know these You will be asked 1 to identify examples of the theories acting in real life situations and 2 to apply your understanding of the topics learned for the first exam i e metatheoretical assumptions theory building and testing to the theories we discussed up until this point Symbolic Interaction Theory SIT George Herbert Mead 1934 HUMANIST What is the goal purpose of SIT The understand how humans through interaction with one another create symbolic worlds and how these worlds affect behavior Assumption Regarding Meanings and behavior People act based on symbolic meanings created between them o Meaning is created through interaction between people o Meaning is modified through an interpretive process o Created meaning affects behavior What are SIT s concepts and explanations How are the concepts defined How do the explanations for each concept relate to one another Mind Mind Explanation Ability to use symbols that have common social meanings We can not interact with others until we learn language o Shared system of verbal and nonverbal symbols organized in patterns to express thoughts and feelings Language uses significant symbols symbols with shared meaning o Through language we Share meanings Anticipate responses of others Mind reflects and creates society o How Language to learn norms of society Change norms Mind allow thought inner conversation Without social interaction we can t think o Why Language develops through interaction Use language to think Thought allows role taking o Role taking taking perspective of others o Role taking leads to Empathy Development of self Self Self Explanation Ability to reflect on ourselves from the perspective of others Self develops from role taking Imaging how we come across others o Looking glass self o Pygmalion Effect Society Society Explanation Exists prior to individuals Created by individuals interacting Creates individuals selfs The web of social relationships humans create o Particular others significant others o Generalized others society as a whole What research has been generated from SIT Mind Self and Society 1934 Chicago School University of Chicago o Mead and Blumer Iowa School University of Iowa o Manford Kuhn The New Iowa School o Carl Couch Irving Goffman 1967 1974 Trevino Lengel and Draft 1987 LaRossa and Reitzes 1993 Intentional Correspondence Successful Ethical Honest Symbolic actions Cognition thought perception Human to human How do symbolic interactionist theorists define communication Relate to issues involved in defining communication What are SIT s metatheoretical assumptions Ontological o Do humans make real choices o o Is human experiences basically individual or social Is human experience contextualized Is SIT a good theory i e evaluate SIT using the evaluation criteria presented in Epistemological Axiological class Evaluation of SIT Main Criticisms Too broad Ignores important concepts o Emotions o Self esteem evaluation of self How to Evaluate Theory Scope Precision Testable Logical Consistency Heurisitc Value Validity o Utility The Coordinated Management of Meaning CMM Pearce 1976 Pearce o Correspondence of Fit Parisomy Cronen 1980 HUMANIST Goal Purpose of CMM CMM as a Rules Theory CMM Explains To explain how people co create meaning in conversation o What happens in conversation as a result of following rules o What happens when different rules meet Explanation in CMM People use rules to create and interpret meaning Use different rule get different meaning Meaning is constantly coordinated Assumptions guiding CMM People create systems of meaning o Organize meaning hierarchically o Temporally People co create a social reality Behavior uninterpretable except in context of larger system o Personal and interpersonal meaning Hierarchy of Meaning Content Speech Acts Contract Episodes Punctuation Life Scripts Cultural Patterns Content Speech Acts Contract Episodes Life Scripts Cultural Patterns coordination of meaning Sense of Morality Ethics Available Resources Following Rules According to the theory how is meaning coordinated between people Exists when people attempt to make sense of messages in conversations What are the three outcomes that can occur when people try to coordinate meaning Coordination of meaning depends on what three things How do they work in the The use of rules in the CMM What are rules according to the theory Descriptions of how to process information Provide common symbolic framework for communication Provide opportunity for choice What are constitutive definition rules and regulative behavior rules How do they function in the coordination of meaning Constitutive Definition o How messages should be interpreted within a given context Regulative Behavior Evaluation of CMM i e evaluate the theory using the evaluation criteria presented o CMM says we create unique language systems o Critics say we share a language system How do CMM theorists define communication Relate to issues involved in defining o Guidelines for behavior What research has been done to support CMM Intercultural Communication Interpersonal relationships Families Organizations Applied in therapeutic situations in class and in your text Too broad Inconsistent communication Intentional Correspondence Successful Ethical Honest Symbolic actions Cognition thought perception Human to human What are CMM s metatheoretical assumptions Ontological Epistemological Axiological Cognitive Dissonance Theory CDT Festinger 1957 Goal purpose of CDT Explain inconsistency Predict attitude change o Explain attitude change when people experience psychological Control attitude and behavior change Assumptions of all cognitive consistency theories People like to be in a psychological equilibrium Dissonance results from psychological inconsistencies they desire consistency not logical inconsistences
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