PSYC 350 Unit Two Notes Depressive Disorders Topic I The Symptoms and Issues The Symptoms 1 Mood 2 Feelings of worthlessness and guilt 3 Loss of interest in pleasure 4 Problems with thinking memory concentration slowed thoughts 5 Physical symptoms weight sleep activity level fatigue illnesses Masked Depression 6 Thoughts about death and suicide Depression with psychotic features Onset and course Major Depressive Disorder two or more depressive episodes Dysthymic Disorder a mild but very persistent depression The case of Sandra Postpartum Depression depression within one month of giving birth The case of Brooke Shields and Andrea Yates Seasonal Affective Disorder depression during periods of decreased light Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder not technically a disorder in the DSM Gender age and cultural factors Topic II The causes and Treatments The Psychodynamic Approach Loss and anger turned inward Stress Psychotherapy to reduce stress Interpersonal Psychotherapy The Cognitive Approach Incorrect negative beliefs about he self the world and the future Previous experiences automatic The evidence weak and strong Beliefs interact with stress Beliefs prolong depression Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to correct beliefs Effective for between 50 and 70 Relapse rate of 20 or 30 in one year Brain changes Changing beliefs or behavioral activation The Physiological Approach Low levels of neurotransmitters Serotonin and norepinephrine in the hypothalamus Effects in the hypothalamus and frontal lobes Effects of drugs to decrease and increase Dopamine in the pleasure center Low levels of Omega 3 fatty acids Note links to heart attacks Omega 3 enhances level of serotonin Damaged brain structures Left prefrontal cortex Antidepressants to increase levels of neurotransmitters Types of antidepressants SSRI s selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Tricyclics 3 carbon circles MAOI s monoamine Makes more serotonin available Have a serious side effect can cause strokes Atypicals Stimulants Effectiveness of antidepressants Different drugs are effective for different people Limitations and side effects of antidepressants Delayed effect Side effects Delayed orgasm Risks during pregnancy Electroconvulsive shock therapy Transcranial magnetic stimulation Vagus nerve stimulation Bipolar Disorder The Symptoms Depression Mania and hypomania Rapid cycling and mixed states Psychotic features Schizophrenia Three Issues Gender ratio Creativity Suicide