INAG110 Midtermo Levels of Communicationo Intrapersonal- cognition or thought; communicating with oneselfo Interpersonal- communication between individuals in pairs; also called dyadic communicationo Group- three or more people interacting and hoping to influence one another to pursue a common goalo Public- one person communicating face to face with an audienceo Mass- one person or group communicating to a large audience through some print or electronic mediumo Models of Communicationo Triangle- o Circle- o (message  feedback)o Elements of Communicationo Speaker- the sender, encoder, or source of the messageo Encoding- the process of selecting symbols to carry a messageo Message- ideas communicated verbally and nonverballyo Listener- the receiver, or decoder, of the messageo Decoding- the process of attaching meanings to symbols receivedo Feedback- verbal and nonverbal responses between communications about the clarity or acceptability of messageso Channel- the way a message is sento Environment- the occasion, social context, and physical setting for communicationo Noise- anything that distracts from effective communicationo Physical noise- distractions originating in the physical environmento Physiological noise- distractions originating in the bodies of communicatorso Psychological noise- distractions originating in the thoughts of communicatorso Critical thinking- the logical, reflective examination of information and ideas to determine what to believe or doo 5 Introductory Techniqueso Personal story (anecdote)o Rhetorical questiono Statistico Quoteo Surprise, shocking statemento 4 Types of Speecho Impromptu- speaking without advance preparationo Memorized- delivering a speech that is recalled word for word from a written texto Manuscript- delivering a speech from a text written word for word and practiced in advanceo Extemporaneous- delivering a speech from notes or from a memorized outlineo 4 S’so Signpost the ideao State the ideao Support the ideao Summarize the ideao 3 P’so Prepare the audienceo Prepare the speakero Prepare yourselfo WIIFM?o What’s In It For Me?o Analyzing your Audienceo Demographics- characteristics of the audience, such as age, gender, ethnicity, education, religion, economic status, and group membershipo Audience segmentation- the strategy of dividing an audience intovarious subgroups based on their demographic and psychographic profileso Audience targeting- the strategy of directing a speech primarily toward one or more portions of the entire audienceo Levels of influence: Values  beliefs  attitudes 