1 Shakespeare stages 1 All the world s a stage And all the men and women merely players They have their exits and their entrances And one man in his time plays many parts His acts being seven ages At first the infant Mewling and puking in the nurse s arms Then the whining school boy with his satchel And shining morning face creeping like snail Unwillingly to school And then the lover Sighing like furnace with a woeful ballad Made to his mistress eyebrow Then a soldier Full of strange oaths and bearded like the pard Jealous in honor sudden and quick in quarrel Seeking the bubble reputation Even in the cannon s mouth And then the justice In fair round belly with good capon lined With eyes severe and beard of formal cut Full of wise saws and modern instances And so he plays his part The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slipper d pantaloon With spectacles on nose and pouch on side His youthful hose well saved a world too wide For his shrunk shank and his big manly voice Turning again toward childish treble pipes And whistles in his sound Last scene of all That ends this strange eventful history Is second childishness and mere oblivion Sans teeth sans eyes sans taste sans every thing 2 Nativist Empiricist 1 The nature versus nurture debate is one of the oldest issues in psychology 2 The debate centers on the relative contributions of genetic inheritance and environmental factors to human development 3 Nature Nativists regardless of environmental influences 4 Nurture Empiricists 1 Suggest that certain things are inborn or that they simply occur naturally 1 Suggest what is known as tabula rasa which suggests that the mind begins as a blank slate 2 According to this notion everything that we are and all of our knowledge is determined by our experience that all or most behaviors and characteristics are the result of learning new stuff 3 Plasticity 1 Brain plasticity also known as neuroplasticity or cortical remapping is a term that refers to the brain s ability to change and adapt as a result of experience 2 Modern research has demonstrated that the brain continues to create new neural pathways and alter existing ones in order to adapt to new experiences learn new information and create new memories 4 Modernization theory of aging 1 Advances in technology applied sciences urbanization and literacy are related to a decline in the status of older people Improved Health factors 2 1 Reduced infant mortality 2 Prolonged adult life Increase number of older adults 3 Resource competition social services housing other resources 3 Scientific technology 1 Limited available understood technology 2 Mostly benefit young minds 3 Older left behind 4 Rural to urban 1 Traditional rural outlook giving way to urban life with emphasis on efficiency and progress no room for slow poke oldies 2 Residential segregation 3 Occupational mobility 5 Promotion of literacy and education 1 Mostly targeting young 2 Greater cultural chasm 6 Impact on Filial Piety 1 Still trying to keep up with traditions guilt if can t 2 Much more difficult not live close strained relationships value not emphasized 3 Doing without Feeling Revering without reverence 4 Confucius wrote Filial piety today is taken to mean providing nourishment for parents but dogs and horses are provided with nourishment If it is not done with reverence for parents what is the difference between men and animals 5 Psychosocial theory 1 Psychosocial theory life course has courses stages each distinguishable stage in our life is like a course that we enter and then move onto the next stage and then the next 2 Psychosocial crisis tasks that need to be completed during a stage there are a positive pole and a negative pole decisions need to be made in each stage of life 3 Life is a series of challenges that help us to grow 6 Erik Erikson stages of human development 1 Erikson helped to broaden and expand psychoanalytic theory He also contributed to our understanding of personality as it is developed and shaped over the course of the lifespan 1 I e Where Freud believed that our personality is almost fully shaped by the time we are 5 years old Erikson believed that it is a life long process 2 Stages of Development Each period of life has a specific organization 3 Developmental Tasks Age graded expectation 1 Autonomy from parents 2 Gender identity 4 Psychosocial Crisis Occurs when there is a discrepancy between a person s competence and society s expectations at a particular life stage 5 General Process for Resolving Psychosocial Crisis Recognize the issue and use 1 Individual identity available resources to resolve the issue 1 Role Experimentation 2 Ethnic identify 7 Stages of development 1 As we go through each stage we achieve a healthy ratio or balance life isn t perfect but if at a certain stage there is a positive and negative we hope to be towards the positive end If you go through a stage and are unsuccessful on negative side you will find that things in the next stage will not go as well and you will not be as prepared as you could have been 2 3 Believed that development happened in stages you enter a stage and have conflicts that you need to resolve once they are resolved it prepares you for the next stage believed that our development is a life long process at each stage we develop an EGO IDENTITY understanding of who we are in relationship to the world get this through interactions with others and with the world it changes with each stage and each experience very fluid concept 4 As we go through each stage our ego becomes more defined 5 Each stage seeks to achieve ego identity and competence Stage Basic Conflict Outcome Important Events Feeding Infancy birth to 18 months Trust vs Mistrust Early Childhood 2 to 3 years Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt Children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability care and affection A lack of this will lead to mistrust Toilet Training Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence Success leads to feelings of autonomy failure results in feelings of shame and doubt Preschool 3 to Initiative vs Exploration Children need to begin asserting control and 5 years Guilt School Age 6 to 11 years Industry vs Inferiority School Adolescence 12 to 18 years Identity vs Role Confusion Social Relationships Middle Adulthood 40 to 65 years Generativity vs Stagnation Work and Parenthood Maturity 65 to death Ego Integrity vs Despair Reflection on Life power over the